ArticlePloS one2011
Menstrual blood as a potential source of endometrial derived CD3+ T cells.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of CD8+ T cells in endometriosis: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Flowing differently: exploratory characterization of menstrual effluent compared with peripheral blood.F&S science · 2026Article
- Revealing the immune landscape of menstrual blood: unlocking insights into activation, exhaustion, and mitochondrial mass for reproductive health.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Is Neonatal Uterine Bleeding Involved in Early-Onset Endometriosis?Biomolecules · 2024Review
- A Noninvasive Method to Sample Immune Cells in the Lower Female Genital Tract Using Menstrual Discs.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Single-cell analysis of menstrual endometrial tissues defines phenotypes associated with endometriosis.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Characterization and quantification of endocrine disruptors in female menstrual blood samples.Toxicology reports · 2022Review
- Human Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Maternal-Fetal Interface. Lost Soldiers or Special Forces?Cells · 2020Review
- Trophoblasts promote induction of a regulatory phenotype in B cells that can protect against detrimental T cell-mediated inflammation.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2019Article
- Evaluation of Mucosal Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to HIV in External Secretions and Mucosal Tissues.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- Human uterine lymphocytes acquire a more experienced and tolerogenic phenotype during pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Characteristics of HIV target CD4 T cells collected using different sampling methods from the genital tract of HIV seronegative women.PloS one · 2017Article
- Characteristics and quantities of HIV host cells in human genital tract secretions.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Review
- The role of sex hormones and the tissue environment in immune protection against HIV in the female reproductive tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2014Review
- Optimizing viable leukocyte sampling from the female genital tract for clinical trials: an international multi-site study.PloS one · 2014Article
- Diminished CD103 (αEβ7) Expression on Resident T Cells from the Female Genital Tract of HIV-Positive Women.Pathogens & immunityArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Studies of T cell-mediated immunity in the human female genital tract have been problematic due to difficulties associated with the collection of mucosal samples. Consequently, most studies rely on biopsies from the lower female genital tract or remnant tissue from hysterectomies. Availability of samples from healthy women is limited, as most studies are carried out in women with underlying pathologies. Menstruation is the cyclical sloughing off of endometrial tissue, and thus it should be a source of endometrial cells without the need for a biopsy. We isolated and phenotyped T cells from menstrual and peripheral blood and from endometrial biopsy-derived tissue from healthy women to determine the types of T cells present in this compartment. Our data demonstrated that T cells isolated from menstrual blood are a heterogeneous population of cells with markers reminiscent of blood and mucosal cells as well as unique phenotypes not represented in either compartment. T cells isolated from menstrual blood expressed increased levels of HLA-DR, αEβ7 and CXCR4 and reduced levels of CD62L relative to peripheral blood. Menstrual blood CD4+ T cells were enriched for cells expressing both CCR7 and CD45RA, markers identifying naïve T cells and were functional as determined by antigen-specific intracellular cytokine production assays. These data may open new avenues of investigation for cell mediated immune studies involving the female reproductive tract without the need for biopsies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.