ReviewJournal of biomedicine & biotechnology2011
Cytotoxic CD4 T cells in antiviral immunity.
Review in Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytotoxic markers associate with protection against malaria in human volunteers immunized with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- High-dimensional multiomics reveals perturbations to IL-6/IL-6R axis and RUNX3 in CD4bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cell-Mediated Immunity Against Human Papillomavirus Infection: From Viral Clearance to Oncogenesis.Viruses · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic lymphocytes counteract viral type I interferon immune evasion.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- CD73 activity controls cytotoxic CD4 T-cell response driving myocardial pathology in chronic Chagas disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- High-dimensional multiomics reveals perturbations to IL-6/IL-6R axis and RUNX3 in CD4Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- Single cell-resolved cellular, transcriptional, and epigenetic changes in mouse T cell populations linked to age-associated immune decline.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Cytotoxic CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Multi-Antigen Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) mRNA Vaccine Induces Humoral and Cell-Mediated Responses in Mice.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Oligoclonal CD4Communications biology · 2024Article
- Intranasally Inoculated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Combined with Mucoadhesive Polymer Induces Broad and Long-Lasting Immunity.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Dual molecule targeting HDAC6 leads to intratumoral CD4+ cytotoxic lymphocytes recruitment through MHC-II upregulation on lung cancer cells.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Cytotoxic CD4 development requires CD4 effectors to concurrently recognize local antigen and encounter type I IFN-induced IL-15.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy-induced cytotoxic T follicular helper cells reduce numbers of retrovirus-infected reservoir cells in B cell follicles.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Transcriptional programming of CD4Science immunology · 2023Article
- scRNA-Seq and imaging mass cytometry analyses unveil iNKT cells-mediated anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer liver metastasis.Cancer letters · 2023Article
- Serum lymphocytes and cytokines: diagnostic value and influence on the immune status in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2023Article
- People who use drugs show no increase in pre-existing T-cell cross-reactivity toward SARS-CoV-2 but develop a normal polyfunctional T-cell response after standard mRNA vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Urgency and necessity of Epstein-Barr virus prophylactic vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2022Review
- Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CD4 T cells that acquire cytotoxic phenotype and function have been repeatedly identified in humans, mice, and other species in response to many diverse pathogens. Since CD4 cytotoxic T cells are able to recognize antigenic determinants unique from those recognized by the parallel CD8 cytotoxic T cells, they can potentially contribute additional immune surveillance and direct effector function by lysing infected or malignant cells. Here, we briefly review much of what is known about the generation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells and describe our current understanding of their role in antiviral immunity. Furthering our understanding of the many roles of CD4 T cells during an anti-viral response is important for developing effective vaccine strategies that promote long-lasting protective immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.