Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22173784›Full record

ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2012

Education and occupation provide reserve in both ApoE ε4 carrier and noncarrier patients with probable Alzheimer's disease.

V Garibotto, B Borroni, S Sorbi, S F Cappa, A Padovani, D Perani

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Beneficial Effect of Societal Factors on APOE-ε2 and ε4 Carriers' Brain Health: A Systematic Review.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024
    Pooled it
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  3. Article
  4. Does Employment Complexity Promote Healthy Cognitive Aging in Down Syndrome?Journal of intellectual disabilities : JOID · 2024
    Article
  5. Cognitive resilience/reserve: Myth or reality? A review of definitions and measurement methods.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

V GaribottoNuclear Medicine Unit and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
B Borroni
S Sorbi
S F Cappa
A Padovani
D Perani

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

According to the reserve hypothesis, a high educational/occupational attainment can modulate Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical expression. The impact of the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele on the reserve mechanism in AD has not been assessed. Aim of this European multicenter study was to evaluate the metabolic correlates of reserve and ApoE genotype in early probable AD. 51 AD subjects, 27 ε4 carriers, and 24 noncarriers, underwent FDG-PET brain imaging. We used the general linear model as implemented in SPM2 to test for the linear correlation of a reserve index, accounting for both educational and occupational level, with brain glucose metabolism, controlling for demographic variables (age and gender) and for cognitive performance. We found an inverse correlation between a reserve index, accounting for educational/occupational level, and metabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus in both ε4 carriers and noncarriers, and no significant difference between the groups. We show that education and occupation act as proxies for reserve in ε4 carriers, compensating for an unfavorable genetic background; we also show that the degree of compensation does not differ significantly by ApoE ε4 status.

Indexed as

AgedAlzheimer DiseaseApolipoprotein E4BrainCognitive ReserveEducational StatusFemaleFluorodeoxyglucose F18HeterozygoteHumansMaleOccupationsPositron-Emission TomographyRadiopharmaceuticalsApolipoprotein E4Fluorodeoxyglucose F18Radiopharmaceuticals

Identifiers

PMID22173784

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.