ReviewThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2012
Presence of viral nucleic acids in the middle ear: acute otitis media pathogen or bystander?
Review in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predominant Bacteria Detected from the Middle Ear Fluid of Children Experiencing Otitis Media: A Systematic Review.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Type I interferon signaling in hematopoietic cells impairs neutrophil antibacterial function in the middle ear during viral co-infection.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Acute Otitis Media and Facial Paralysis in Children: A Systemic Review and Proposal of an Operative Algorithm.Audiology research · 2023Review
- Differences in innate immune response gene regulation in the middle ear of children who are otitis prone and in those not otitis prone.American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2016Article
- Otitis media.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2016Review
- Detection of respiratory pathogens in pediatric acute otitis media by PCR and comparison of findings in the middle ear and nasopharynx.Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2016Article
- Parental views on acute otitis media (AOM) and its therapy in children--results of an exploratory survey in German childcare facilities.BMC pediatrics · 2015Article
- Bacterial and Respiratory Viral Interactions in the Etiology of Acute Otitis Media in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected South African Children.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2015Article
- Influenza A virus alters pneumococcal nasal colonization and middle ear infection independently of phase variation.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation and dispersion during colonization and disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2014Review
- Relationship with original pathogen in recurrence of acute otitis media after completion of amoxicillin/clavulanate: bacterial relapse or new pathogen.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2013Article
- Microbial profiling does not differentiate between childhood recurrent acute otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion.International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology · 2013Article
- Treatment of acute otitis media in young children.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2012Review
- Viral-bacterial interactions in acute otitis media.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Viruses play an important role in acute otitis media (AOM) pathogenesis, and live viruses may cause AOM in the absence of pathogenic bacteria. Detection of AOM pathogens generally relies on bacterial culture of middle ear fluid. When viral culture is used and live viruses are detected in the middle ear fluid of children with AOM, the viruses are generally accepted as AOM pathogens. Because viral culture is not sensitive and does not detect the comprehensive spectrum of respiratory viruses, polymerase chain reaction assays are commonly used to detect viral nucleic acids in the middle ear fluid. Although polymerase chain reaction assays have greatly increased the viral detection rate, new questions arise on the significance of viral nucleic acids detected in the middle ear because nucleic acids of multiple viruses are detected simultaneously, and nucleic acids of specific viruses are detected repeatedly and in a high proportion of asymptomatic children. This article first reviews the role of live viruses in AOM and presents the point-counterpoint arguments on whether viral nucleic acids in the middle ear represent an AOM pathogen or a bystander status. Although there is evidence to support both directions, helpful information for interpretation of the data and future research direction is outlined.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.