Trial reportAmerican heart journal2012
Long-term effects of smoking and smoking cessation on exercise stress testing: three-year outcomes from a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in American heart journal, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of nicotine withdrawal on exercise-related physical ability and sports performance in nicotine addicts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Improved aerobic capacity in a randomized controlled trial of noncombustible nicotine and tobacco products.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Quality of life after quitting smoking and initiating aerobic exercise.Psychology, health & medicine · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Electrocardiographic changes associated with smoking and smoking cessation: outcomes from a randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Assessment and repeatability of aerobic capacity using the Chester Step Test among current, former, and never smokers.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Life's Essential 8 Cardiovascular Health Score and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Community.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Observational
- Social Smoking Environment and Associations With Cardiac Rehabilitation Attendance.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention · 2021Article
- Longitudinal Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Aortic Wave Reflections, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Carotid Artery Distensibility.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Article
- Psychological Well-Being as an Independent Predictor of Exercise Capacity in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients With Obesity.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- Patient Characteristics Predictive of Cardiac Rehabilitation Adherence.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention · 2017Article
- Transitions in Smokers' Social Networks After Quit Attempts: A Latent Transition Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Article
- Chronotropic Incompetence and Dynamic Postexercise Autonomic Dysfunction Are Associated with the Presence and Severity of Erectile Dysfunction.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2016Article
- A mixed-method study of the efficacy of physical activity consultation as an adjunct to standard smoking cessation treatment among male smokers in Malaysia.SpringerPlus · 2016Article
- Smoking and cardiac rehabilitation participation: Associations with referral, attendance and adherence.Preventive medicine · 2015Review
- The Association of Tobacco Use and Gender to Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcomes: A Preliminary Investigation.Journal of substance use · 2014Article
- Understanding the independent and joint associations of the home and workplace built environments on cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index.American journal of epidemiology · 2013Article
- Clinical challenges facing patient participation in cardiac rehabilitation: cigarette smoking.Expert review of cardiovascular therapyReview
- Enhancing participation in cardiac rehabilitation: Focus on underserved populations.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe long-term effects of smoking and smoking cessation on markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prognosis obtained during treadmill stress testing (TST) are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of smoking cessation and continued smoking on TST parameters that predict CVD risk.
methodsIn a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 5 smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, symptom-limited TST was performed to determine peak METs, rate-pressure product (RPP), heart rate (HR) increase, HR reserve, and 60-second HR recovery, before and 3 years after the target smoking cessation date. Relationships between TST parameters and treatments among successful abstainers and continuing smokers were evaluated using multivariable analyses.
resultsAt baseline, the 600 current smokers (61% women) had a mean age of 43.4 (SD 11.5) years and smoked 20.7 (8.4) cigarettes per day. Their exercise capacity was 8.7 (2.3) METs, HR reserve was 86.6 (9.6)%, HR increase was 81.1 (20.9) beats/min, and HR recovery was 22.3 (11.3) beats. Cigarettes per day and pack-years were independently and inversely associated with baseline peak METs (P < .001), RPP (P < .01, pack-years only), HR increase (P < .05), and HR reserve (P < .01). After 3 years, 168 (28%) had quit smoking. Abstainers had greater improvements than continuing smokers (all P < .001) in RPP (2,055 mm Hg beats/min), HR increase (5.9 beats/min), and HR reserve (3.7%), even after statistical adjustment (all P < .001).
conclusionsSmokers with a higher smoking burden have lower exercise capacity, lower HR reserve, and a blunted exercise HR response. After 3 years, TST improvements suggestive of improved CVD prognosis were observed among successful abstainers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.