ReviewAIDS research and human retroviruses2012
Retroviral coinfections: HIV and HTLV: taking stock of more than a quarter century of research.
Review in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and Laboratory Outcomes in HIV-1 and HTLV-1/2 Coinfection: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of oral probiotics on CD4 count in patients with HIV infection undergoing treatment with ART who have had an immunological failure.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Trial
- Human T cell leukaemia virus type 2 tax protein mediates CC-chemokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells via the nuclear factor kappa B canonical pathway.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2014Trial
- Immunological and Neurological Signatures of the Co-Infection of HIV and HTLV: Current Insights and Future Perspectives.Viruses · 2025Review
- The prevalence of hepatitis B virus, human T-lymphotropic virus and human immunodeficiency virus in patients receiving blood transfusions in South Africa.Vox sanguinis · 2024Article
- Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of infection with human T-lymphotropic virus in a non-endemic area: a single institution study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections in patients with endemic mycoses in São Paulo, Brazil: A cross-sectional, observational study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Article
- Observational
- Human T-Lymphotropic virus type 1 and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in rural Gabon.PloS one · 2022Article
- Novel perspectives on antisense transcription in HIV-1, HTLV-1, and HTLV-2.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Development and Validation of Multiplex Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assays for Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, Using Different PCR Platforms and Reagent Brands.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Inhibiting HTLV-1 Protease: A Viable Antiviral Target.ACS chemical biology · 2021Article
- Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human T-Leukemia Virus Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Comparison of functioning and health-related quality of life among patients with HTLV-1, HIV, and HIV-HTLV-1-coinfection.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2021Article
- Provirus Mutations of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) in HIV-1-Coinfected Individuals.mSphere · 2020Article
- Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Rapid and Accurate Confirmatory Diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 Infection.Viruses · 2020Article
- The reasons to include the serology of human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) in the clinical follow-up of patients with viral hepatitis B and C in Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Neurological Aspects of HIV-1/HTLV-1 and HIV-1/HTLV-2 Coinfection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Surveillance of human retroviruses in blood samples from patients with hepatitis B and C in São Paulo, Brazil.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Retroviral coinfections with HIV-1 and HTLV-1 or with HIV-1 and HTLV-2 occur with variable frequencies throughout the world with the highest prevalence in large metropolitan areas in the Americas, Europe, and Africa. The recognition that retroviral coinfections exist dates back to the discovery of HIV-1 over 25 years ago. Despite the large body of published information regarding the biological and clinical significance of retroviral coinfections, controversy throughout several decades of research was fueled by several flawed epidemiologic studies and anecdotal reports that were not always supported with ample statistical and scientific evidence. However, the growing consensus obtained from recent systematic and well-devised research provides support for at least three conclusions: (1) HIV-1 and HTLV-1 coinfections are often seen in the context of patients with high CD4(+) T cell counts presenting with lymphoma or neurological complications; (2) HIV-1 and HTLV-2 coinfections have been linked in some cases to a "long term nonprogressor" phenotype; and (3) differential function and/or overexpression of the HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Tax proteins likely play a pivotal role in the clinical and immunologic manifestations of HIV/HTLV-1 and -2 coinfections. This review will recount the chronology of work regarding retroviral coinfections from 1983 through the present.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.