ArticleCytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.)2012
The structural heterogeneity of radial spokes in cilia and flagella is conserved.
Article in Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- EFCAB10 anchors AK8 to the radial spoke for proper ciliary motility.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity of radial spoke components in Tetrahymena cilia.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- IQUB mutation induces radial spoke 1 deficiency causing asthenozoospermia with normal sperm morphology in humans and mice.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Multi-scale structures of the mammalian radial spoke and divergence of axonemal complexes in ependymal cilia.Nature communications · 2024Article
- LRRC23 truncation impairs radial spoke 3 head assembly and sperm motility underlying male infertility.eLife · 2023Article
- Structure and molecular basis of spermatid elongation in theOpen biology · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- Calaxin stabilizes the docking of outer arm dyneins onto ciliary doublet microtubule in vertebrates.eLife · 2023Article
- Cfap91-Dependent Stability of the RS2 and RS3 Base Proteins and Adjacent Inner Dynein Arms inCells · 2022Article
- Three-dimensional flagella structures from animals' closest unicellular relatives, the Choanoflagellates.eLife · 2022Article
- Entropy-regularized deconvolution of cellular cryotransmission electron tomograms.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Structural insights into the cause of humanMolecular biology of the cell · 2021Article
- Distinct architecture and composition of mouse axonemal radial spoke head revealed by cryo-EM.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Structural insights into the architecture and assembly of eukaryotic flagella.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2020Review
- Copy number variation in DRC1 is the major cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia in the Japanese population.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2020Article
- Rsph4a is essential for the triplet radial spoke head assembly of the mouse motile cilia.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
- Rare Human Diseases: Model Organisms in Deciphering the Molecular Basis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.Cells · 2019Review
- Review
- How Does Cilium Length Affect Beating?Biophysical journal · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Radial spokes (RSs) are ubiquitous components of motile cilia and flagella and play an essential role in transmitting signals that regulate the activity of the dynein motors, and thus ciliary and flagellar motility. In some organisms, the 96 nm axonemal repeat unit contains only a pair of spokes, RS1 and RS2, while most organisms have spoke triplets with an additional spoke RS3. The spoke pairs in Chlamydomonas flagella have been well characterized, while spoke triplets have received less attention. Here, we used cryoelectron tomography and subtomogram averaging to visualize the three-dimensional structure of spoke triplets in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (sea urchin) sperm flagella in unprecedented detail. Only small differences were observed between RS1 and RS2, but the structure of RS3 was surprisingly unique and structurally different from the other two spokes. We observed novel doublet specific features that connect RS2, RS3, and the nexin-dynein regulatory complex, three key ciliary and flagellar structures. The distribution of these doublet specific structures suggests that they could be important for establishing the asymmetry of dynein activity required for the oscillatory movement of cilia and flagella. Surprisingly, a comparison with other organisms demonstrated both that this considerable RS heterogeneity is conserved and that organisms with RS pairs contain the basal part of RS3. This conserved RS heterogeneity may also reflect functional differences between the spokes and their involvement in regulating ciliary and flagellar motility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.