Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2012
Magnitude of exercise-induced β-endorphin response is associated with subsequent development of altered hypoglycemia counterregulation.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Neuroprotective Strategies in the Management of Hypoglycemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of Intranasal Naloxone on Hypoglycemia-associated Autonomic Failure in Susceptible Individuals.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Formation of a β-Endorphin Corona Mitigates Alzheimer's Amyloidogenesis.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Protective and risk factors of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the PR-IAH study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Article
- Glycemic and Metabolic Effects of Two Long Bouts of Moderate-Intensity Exercise in Men with Normal Glucose Tolerance or Type 2 Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Article
- Mechanisms of hypoglycemia unawareness and implications in diabetic patients.World journal of diabetes · 2015Review
- Defective counterregulation and hypoglycemia unawareness in diabetes: mechanisms and emerging treatments.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextβ-Endorphin release in response to recurrent hypoglycemia is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure.
objectiveWe hypothesized that exercise-induced β-endorphin release will also result in the deterioration of subsequent hypoglycemia counterregulation and that the counterregulatory response will negatively correlate with the degree of antecedent β-endorphin elevation. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND
interventionsSixteen healthy subjects (six females, aged 26 ± 4.3 yr, body mass index 26.1 ± 5.6 kg/m(2)) were studied with three experimental paradigms on 2 consecutive days. Day 1 consisted of one of the following: 1) two 90-min hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps (3.3 mmol/liter); 2) two 90-min hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps while subjects exercised at 60% maximal oxygen uptake; or 3) two 90-min hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps (control). Day 2 followed with hyperinsulinemic (396 ± 7 pmol/liter) stepped hypoglycemic clamps (5.0, 4.4, 3.9, and 3.3 mmol/liter plasma glucose steps).
main outcome measuresDay 2 hypoglycemia counterregulatory hormonal response and glucose turnover ([3-(3)H]-glucose) as indicators of recovery from hypoglycemia.
resultsThere was a significant inverse correlation between plasma β-endorphin levels during exercise and catecholamine release during subsequent hypoglycemia. Subjects with an exercise-induced rise in β-endorphin levels to above 25 pg/ml (n = 7) exhibited markedly reduced levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine compared with control (2495 ± 306 vs. 4810 ± 617 pmol/liter and 1.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.9 ± 0.4 nmol/liter, respectively, P < 0.01 for both). The rate of endogenous glucose production recovery in this group was also much lower than in controls (42 vs. 89%, P < 0.01).
conclusionsThe physiological increase in β-endorphin levels during exercise is associated with the attenuation of counterregulation during subsequent hypoglycemia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.