ReviewAmino acids2013
Role of the mu-opioid receptor in opioid modulation of immune function.
Review in Amino acids, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05172739 (Effect of a Perioperative Opioid Free Anaesthesia-Analgesia), which is not on this map. Cited by 98 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of a Perioperative Opioid Free Anaesthesia-Analgesia (OFA-A) Strategy on Surgical Stress Response and Immunomodulation in Elective VATS Lobectomy for NSCLC Lung Cancer: A Prospective Randomized Study
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of opioid-free general anesthesia with locoregional blocks during breast cancer surgery on systemic inflammatory response: results from a randomized controlled trial.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2026Trial
- Effects of General Anesthesia on Changes of Serum Hepatitis B Virus-DNA Levels in Infected Patients Underwent Non-Hepatobiliary Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Pilot Observational Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Trial
- Naltrexone Restores Impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 Ion Channel Function in Natural Killer Cells From Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Opioid treatment of experimental pain activates nuclear factor-κB.Journal of opioid managementTrial
- Crosstalk Between Opioids and the Anti-Tumour Immune Checkpoint Axis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Morphine disrupts antigen-presenting cell function through TLR-4 and autophagy pathways.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- The use of cellphone based automated pupillometry to quantify opioid withdrawal in patients receiving treatment for opioid use disorder.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Article
- Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Effects ofBiomedicines · 2026Article
- Exploring the Effects of Opioid-Related Drugs on the Clinical Outcome of Prostate Cancer Patients Via Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- The association between long-term opioid therapy and composite infection-related dental outcomes.PloS one · 2026Article
- Circulating plasma protein biomarkers associated with risk of negative clinical outcomes in virally suppressed people with HIV receiving medications for opioid use disorder.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Reduced Taurine Synthesis Underlies Morphine-Promoted Lung Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2025Article
- Review
- Large-scale investigation confirms TRPM3 ion channel dysfunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Low-Dose naltrexone restored TRPM3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from long COVID patients.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Anesthetic Approaches and Their Impact on Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis: A Comprehensive Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- The Role of Anesthetic Management in Lung Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The Gut-Brain Axis in Opioid Use Disorder: Exploring the Bidirectional Influence of Opioids and the Gut Microbiome-A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Lifetime exposure to smoking and substance abuse may be associated with late-onset multiple sclerosis: a population-based case-control study.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1-4) Amide Alleviates Frostbite-Induced Pain by Regulating TRP Channel-Mediated Microglial Activation and Neuroinflammation.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Endogenous opioids are synthesized in vivo to modulate pain mechanisms and inflammatory pathways. Endogenous and exogenous opioids mediate analgesia in response to painful stimuli by binding to opioid receptors on neuronal cells. However, wide distribution of opioid receptors on tissues and organ systems outside the CNS, such as the cells of the immune system, indicate that opioids are capable of exerting additional effects in the periphery, such as immunomodulation. The increased prevalence of infections in opioid abuser-based epidemiological studies further highlights the immunosuppressive effects of opioids. In spite of their many debilitating side effects, prescription opioids remain a gold standard for treatment of chronic pain. Therefore, given the prevalence of opioid use and abuse, opioid-mediated immune suppression presents a serious concern in our society today. It is imperative to understand the mechanisms by which exogenous opioids modulate immune processes. In this review, we will discuss the role of opioid receptors and their ligands in mediating immune-suppressive functions. We will summarize recent studies on direct and indirect opioid modulation of the cells of the immune system, as well as the role of opioids in exacerbation of certain disease states.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.