Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22167298›Full record

ArticleMedicine, health care, and philosophy2012

The desired moral attitude of the physician: (I) empathy.

Petra Gelhaus

Abstract read
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Article in Medicine, health care, and philosophy, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The epistemic harms of empathy in phenomenological psychopathology.Phenomenology and the cognitive sciences · 2026
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  16. The Absent Interpreter in Administrative Detention Center Medical Units.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2017
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  18. Managing barriers to empathy in the clinical encounter: a qualitative interview study with GPs.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2016
    Article
  19. Empathy and violence.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2016
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Petra GelhausInstitute for Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany, gelhaus@uni-muenster.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In professional medical ethics, the physician traditionally is obliged to fulfil specific duties as well as to embody a responsible and trustworthy personality. In the public discussion, different concepts are suggested to describe the desired underlying attitude of physicians. In this article, one of them--empathy--is presented in an interpretation that is meant to depicture (together with the two additional concepts compassion and care) this attitude. Therefore empathy in the clinical context is defined as the adequate understanding of the inner processes of the patient concerning his health-related problems. Adequacy is scrutinized on behalf of the emotional and subjective involvement of he physician, and on the necessary dependence on medical-moral-goals. In the present interpretation, empathy alone is no guarantee of the right moral attitude, but a necessary instrumental skill in order to perceive and treat a patient as an individual person. The concepts of compassion and care that will be discussed in two forthcoming articles are necessary parts to describe the desired moral attitude of the physician more completely.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelEmpathyMoralsEmotionsEthics, MedicalHumansPhilosophy, MedicalPhysician-Patient RelationsPhysicians

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.