Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22167256›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2012

Clostridium difficile prevalence rates in a large healthcare system stratified according to patient population, age, gender, and specimen consistency.

J H Boone, M Goodykoontz, S J Rhodes, K Price, J Smith, K N Gearhart, R J Carman, T M Kerkering, T D Wilkins, D M Lyerly

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Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Ribotype 027 Clostridium difficile infections with measurable stool toxin have increased lactoferrin and are associated with a higher mortality.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2014
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Elevated lactoferrin is associated with moderate to severe Clostridium difficile disease, stool toxin, and 027 infection.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2013
    Article
  13. Is fidaxomicin worth the cost? An economic analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2013
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Annals of Saudi medicine
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

J H BooneResearch and Development, TechLab, Inc., 2001 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
M Goodykoontz
S J Rhodes
K Price
J Smith
K N Gearhart
R J Carman
T M Kerkering
T D Wilkins
D M Lyerly

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We evaluated Clostridium difficile prevalence rates in 2,807 clinically indicated stool specimens stratified by inpatient (IP), nursing home patient (NH), outpatient (OP), age, gender, and specimen consistency using bacterial culture, toxin detection, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyping. Rates were determined based on the detection of toxigenic C. difficile isolates. We identified significant differences in the rates between patient populations and with age. Specimens from NH had a higher rate (46%) for toxigenic C. difficile than specimens from IP (18%) and OP (17%). There were no gender-related differences in the rates. Liquid specimens had a lower rate (15%) than partially formed and soft specimens (25%) and formed specimens (18%) for the isolation of toxigenic C. difficile. The nontoxigenic rate was lowest for NH (4%) and highest for patients<20 years of age (23%). We identified 31 different toxigenic ribotypes from a sampling of 190 isolates that showed the lowest diversity in NH. Fluoroquinolone resistance was observed in 93% of the 027 isolates, all of the 053 isolates, and in four other ribotypes. We observed different rates for toxigenic C. difficile in stratified patient populations, with the highest rate for NH, a low overall nontoxigenic rate, and fluoroquinolone resistance.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsChildClostridioides difficileClostridium InfectionsCross InfectionDrug Resistance, BacterialFecesFemaleFluoroquinolonesHealth FacilitiesHumansMaleFluoroquinolones

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.