ReviewParkinsonism & related disorders2012
Misfolded α-synuclein and Toll-like receptors: therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease.
Review in Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Creatine in Health and Disease.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Comparative neuroprotective effects of antidiabetic medications on Parkinson's disease risk: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Reduced microvascular coverage links a hypoxia-associated niche to microglial autophagic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- TDP-43-immunity-microbiota axis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A potential pathogenic mechanism.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate acute a-synuclein induced astrocyte inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CCL2 and PAK6 as Candidate Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: An Integrated Machine Learning and Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Toxic Alpha-Synuclein and the Opening of the Gate: Blood-Brain Barrier Damage and Stepwise Leukocyte Infiltration.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Comparative analysis of neuroinflammatory pathways in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis: insights into similarities and distinctions.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Ties: Type 2 Diabetes and Parkinson's Disease - A Nano-Based Targeted Drug Delivery Approach.Current diabetes reviews · 2025Review
- Current aspects of targeting cellular senescence for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- The regulating effect of curcumin on NF-κB pathway in neurodegenerative diseases: a review of the underlying mechanisms.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Review
- Gut-brain axis: A cutting-edge approach to target neurological disorders and potential synbiotic application.Heliyon · 2024Review
- The potential role of brain renin-angiotensin system in the neuropathology of Parkinson disease: Friend, foe or turncoat?Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Intranasal Administration of GRP78 Protein (HSPA5) Confers Neuroprotection in a Lactacystin-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Neuroinflammatory gene expression profiles of reactive glia in the substantia nigra suggest a multidimensional immune response to alpha synuclein inclusions.Neurobiology of disease · 2024Article
- Targeting the NRF2 pathway for disease modification in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Unraveling the intricate link between cell death and neuroinflammation usingFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Microbial sensing in the intestine.Protein & cell · 2023Review
- Toll-like receptors in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic potential.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- A Review on the Nasal Microbiome and Various Disease Conditions for Newer Approaches to Treatments.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2023Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is typified by the loss of midbrain dopamine neurons, the presence of large proteinaceous α-synuclein-positive intracellular inclusions, oxidatively modified molecules and activated microglia. The etiology of sporadic PD is not fully understood but several lines of evidence suggest that genetic vulnerability and environmental toxicants converge to incite pathology--the multiple hit hypothesis. One gene linked to both familial and sporadic PD is SNCA, which encodes for the protein α-synuclein that has a propensity to misfold into toxic moieties. Here we show that α-synuclein directly activates microglia inciting the production of proinflammatory molecules and altering the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We discuss the role for α-synuclein-directed TLR expression changes in PD and the therapeutic potential of modifying this response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.