ReviewJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2011
Rehabilitation of gait after stroke: a review towards a top-down approach.
Review in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 177 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Does Isolated Robotic-Assisted Gait Training Improve Functional Status, Daily Living And Quality Of Life In Stroke Patients?: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Study
Stroke Rehabilitation Program Based on a Powered Lower Extremity Exoskeleton in Chile
Study of the Rehabilitative Efficacy of Copernicus®, a Visual Feedback Device for the Early Start to Locomotion of Post-stroke Patients
Instrumental Gait Analysis on People With Stroke After Rehabilitation With a Synchronized FES and Cycle Ergometer System
Patient-therapist INTERaction During RObotic GAIT Rehabilitation After Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical, Instrumental and Hyperscanning Study.
Investigating the Mechanisms of Welwalk Robot in Restoring Motor Function of the Lower Extremities in Stroke Patients
Who cites it
177 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 576 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of task-oriented training on balance, gait, and fall in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Pooled it
- Can wearable real-time biofeedback gait training devices improve gait speed, balance, functional mobility and activities of daily living (ADL) in individuals post-stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- [Systematic review on the effectiveness of cognitive multisensory rehabilitation].Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of an ankle-foot orthosis on walking in patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of (music-based) rhythmic auditory cueing training on gait and posture post-stroke: A systematic review & dose-response meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2019Pooled it
- Anticipatory Postural Adjustments During Gait Initiation in Stroke Patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Appropriate Robotic Intervention for Gait Function in Subacute Stroke Patients.BioMed research international · 2018Pooled it
- Rehabilitation Interventions for Improving Social Participation After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2016Pooled it
- Who may benefit from robot-assisted gait training with an exoskeleton in subacute stroke patients? A prespecified analysis.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy of bilateral soft exoskeleton training for people with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- A wearable ankle-assisted robot for improving gait function and pattern in stroke patients.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of unilateral lower-limb exoskeleton robot on balance and gait recovery and neuroplasticity in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Automatic gait evoking in healthy adults through Vojta's peripheric somatosensory stimulation: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Effects of wearable ankle robotics for stair and over-ground training on sub-acute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021Trial
- Cortical activity during sensorial tactile stimulation in healthy adults through Vojta therapy. A randomized pilot controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Wearable hip-assist robot modulates cortical activation during gait in stroke patients: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Trial
- A new lower limb portable exoskeleton for gait assistance in neurological patients: a proof of concept study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Trial
- Influences of the biofeedback content on robotic post-stroke gait rehabilitation: electromyographic vs joint torque biofeedback.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2019Trial
117 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This document provides a review of the techniques and therapies used in gait rehabilitation after stroke. It also examines the possible benefits of including assistive robotic devices and brain-computer interfaces in this field, according to a top-down approach, in which rehabilitation is driven by neural plasticity.The methods reviewed comprise classical gait rehabilitation techniques (neurophysiological and motor learning approaches), functional electrical stimulation (FES), robotic devices, and brain-computer interfaces (BCI).From the analysis of these approaches, we can draw the following conclusions. Regarding classical rehabilitation techniques, there is insufficient evidence to state that a particular approach is more effective in promoting gait recovery than other. Combination of different rehabilitation strategies seems to be more effective than over-ground gait training alone. Robotic devices need further research to show their suitability for walking training and their effects on over-ground gait. The use of FES combined with different walking retraining strategies has shown to result in improvements in hemiplegic gait. Reports on non-invasive BCIs for stroke recovery are limited to the rehabilitation of upper limbs; however, some works suggest that there might be a common mechanism which influences upper and lower limb recovery simultaneously, independently of the limb chosen for the rehabilitation therapy. Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) enables researchers to detect signals from specific regions of the cortex during performance of motor activities for the development of future BCIs. Future research would make possible to analyze the impact of rehabilitation on brain plasticity, in order to adapt treatment resources to meet the needs of each patient and to optimize the recovery process.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.