ArticlePloS one2011
Regulation of virulence gene expression resulting from Streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae interactions in chronic disease.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- A synopsis of competence-regulated virulence inVirulence · 2026Review
- Exploring the impact of oral health and vaccination on pneumonia-causing bacteria: insights from predictive modeling.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Polymicrobial biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis: a scoping review.Journal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Role of the upper airway microbiota in respiratory virus and bacterial pathobiont dynamics in the first year of life.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Characterization of bacterial and viral pathogens in the respiratory tract of children with HIV-associated chronic lung disease: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Effects of Contagious Respiratory Pathogens on Breath Biomarkers.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The upper respiratory tract microbiota of healthy adults is affected by Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, smoking habits, and contact with children.Microbiome · 2023Article
- Modeling Co-Infection byAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Epidemic Trends and Biofilm Formation Mechanisms of Haemophilus influenzae: Insights into Clinical Implications and Prevention Strategies.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Review
- Non-typeableEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium species are associated with decreased risk of pneumococcal colonization during infancy.The ISME journal · 2022Article
- Whole genome sequencing-based classification of human-related Haemophilus species and detection of antimicrobial resistance genes.Genome medicine · 2022Article
- Gene Expression Regulation in Airway Pathogens: Importance for Otitis Media.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Bacterial Community Interactions During Chronic Respiratory Disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Translating Recent Microbiome Insights in Otitis Media into Probiotic Strategies.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- Biofilm Formations in Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infection : Part 1: Biofilm Structure, Role of Innate Immunity in Protection Against and Response to Biofilm, Methods of Biofilm Detection, Pediatric Respiratory Tract Diseases Associated with Mucosal Biofilm Formation.Current infectious disease reports · 2019Review
- Biofilm production by Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from the nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Lower Airway Bacterial Colonization Patterns and Species-Specific Interactions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2018Article
- Modelling upper respiratory tract diseases: getting grips on host-microbe interactions in chronic rhinosinusitis using in vitro technologies.Microbiome · 2018Review
- Acute otitis media with spontaneous tympanic membrane perforation.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease of the sinonasal cavity mediated, in part, by polymicrobial communities of bacteria. Recent molecular studies have confirmed the importance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) in CRS. Here, we hypothesize that interaction between S. pneumoniae and NTHi mixed-species communities cause a change in bacterial virulence gene expression. We examined CRS as a model human disease to validate these polymicrobial interactions. Clinical strains of S. pneumoniae and NTHi were grown in mono- and co-culture in a standard biofilm assay. Reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RTqPCR) was used to measure gene expression of key virulence factors. To validate these results, we investigated the presence of the bacterial RNA transcripts in excised human tissue from patients with CRS. Consequences of physical or chemical interactions between microbes were also investigated. Transcription of NTHi type IV pili was only expressed in co-culture in vitro, and expression could be detected ex vivo in diseased tissue. S. pneumoniae pyruvate oxidase was up-regulated in co-culture, while pneumolysin and pneumococcal adherence factor A were down-regulated. These results were confirmed in excised human CRS tissue. Gene expression was differentially regulated by physical contact and secreted factors. Overall, these data suggest that interactions between H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae involve physical and chemical mechanisms that influence virulence gene expression of mixed-species biofilm communities present in chronically diseased human tissue. These results extend previous studies of population-level virulence and provide novel insight into the importance of S. pneumoniae and NTHi in CRS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.