ArticleArthritis care & research2012
Incidence and risk factors for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy among patients with selected rheumatic diseases.
Article in Arthritis care & research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Mimicking Stroke in a Patient With Newly Diagnosed HIV: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rheumatoid arthritis and biological therapies: a case report and review of the literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Review
- New and Old Horizons for an Ancient Drug: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Clinical Perspectives of Dimethyl Fumarate.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: population-wide incidences, comorbidities, costs of care, and outcomes.Journal of neurovirology · 2021Article
- Clinical Presentation and Disease Course of 37 Consecutive Cases of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) at a German Tertiary-Care Hospital: A Retrospective Observational Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- The Impact of CRISPR-Cas9 on Age-related Disorders: From Pathology to Therapy.Aging and disease · 2020Review
- Article
- Review
- Avoidance of Harm From Treatment for ANCA-Associated Vasculitis.Current treatment options in rheumatology · 2017Review
- Detection of cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with new biologicals and targeted cancer therapies from the FDA's adverse event reporting system.Expert opinion on drug safety · 2016Article
- Increased Prevalence of Human Polyomavirus JC Viruria in Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases Patients in Treatment with Anti-TNF α: A 18 Month Follow-Up Study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Clinical Features of Neuropsychiatric Syndromes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Connective Tissue Diseases.Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders · 2016Review
- Rituximab for Rheumatoid Arthritis.Rheumatology and therapy · 2015Review
- JC Virus PCR Detection Is Not Infallible: A Fulminant Case of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with False-Negative Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies despite Progressive Clinical Course and Radiological Findings.Case reports in neurological medicine · 2015Article
- Efficacy and safety of rituximab in rheumatic diseases.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2015Review
- Adverse reactions to biologic agents and their medical management.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2014Review
- Variability of the impact of adverse events on physicians' decision making.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2014Article
- Myasthenia gravis: an update for the clinician.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2014Review
- Rituximab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: an update.Drug design, development and therapy · 2013Review
- Oral available agents in the treatment of RRMS.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo ascertain the incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with selected rheumatic diseases, to describe the characteristics of PML cases occurring in this setting, and to evaluate the extent to which such cases occurred in the context of biologic therapies such as rituximab or tumor necrosis factor antagonists.
methodsWe conducted a large population-based study to describe the incidence and risk factors for PML among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and ankylosing spondylitis using national inpatient and outpatient administrative data from the entire Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services from 2000-2009. Suspected PML cases were identified using hospital discharge diagnosis codes. Risk factors for PML were evaluated using outpatient data ≥6 months prior to PML diagnosis.
resultsAmong 2,030,578 patients with autoimmune diseases of interest, a total of 53 PML cases were identified (2.6 per 100,000 patients). Most PML cases had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or cancer. Nine PML cases had evidence for biologic use prior to PML hospitalization, of which 3 had neither HIV nor malignancy and were exposed to biologics within 12 (rituximab) or 6 months (all other biologics) prior to PML diagnosis. PML occurred at an estimated incidence of 0.2 per 100,000 patients with autoimmune diseases who did not have HIV or malignancy.
conclusionPML occurs at a very low incidence among patients with rheumatic diseases but can occur even in the absence of HIV or malignancy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.