ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Hunter-gatherers and other primates as prey, predators, and competitors of snakes.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Why Are Some Snakes More Terrifying and What Is Behind the Fear?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Hooding cobras can get ahead of other snakes in the ability to evoke human fear.Die Naturwissenschaften · 2024Article
- Japanese monkeys rapidly noticed snake-scale cladded salamanders, similar to detecting snakes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Neural representation of human experimenters in the bat hippocampus.Nature neuroscience · 2024Article
- Are vipers prototypic fear-evoking snakes? A cross-cultural comparison of Somalis and Czechs.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- The bigger the threat, the longer the gaze? A cross-cultural study of Somalis and Czechs.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Scaling Relationships of Maximal Gape in Two Species of Large Invasive Snakes, Brown Treesnakes and Burmese Pythons, and Implications for Maximal Prey Size.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Monkeying around with venom: an increased resistance to α-neurotoxins supports an evolutionary arms race between Afro-Asian primates and sympatric cobras.BMC biology · 2021Article
- Fear of Infection and the Common Good: COVID-19 and the First Italian Lockdown.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Ultimate List of the Most Frightening and Disgusting Animals: Negative Emotions Elicited by Animals in Central European Respondents.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Convergent evolution of pain-inducing defensive venom components in spitting cobras.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- The Saliency of Snake Scales and Leopard Rosettes to Infants: Its Relevance to Graphical Patterns Portrayed in Prehistoric Art.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Venomous snakes elicit stronger fear than nonvenomous ones: Psychophysiological response to snake images.PloS one · 2020Article
- On the Nature of the Mother-Infant Tie and Its Interaction With Freudian Drives.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- A green racer snake (Philodryas nattereri, Colubridae) killed but not eaten by a blonde capuchin monkey (Sapajus flavius, Cebidae).Primates; journal of primatology · 2019Article
- Human Attitude toward Reptiles: A Relationship between Fear, Disgust, and Aesthetic Preferences.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2019Article
- Are Humans Prepared to Detect, Fear, and Avoid Snakes? The Mismatch Between Laboratory and Ecological Evidence.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Review
- Chimpanzees and death.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2018Review
- Food or threat? Wild capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) as both predators and prey of snakes.Primates; journal of primatology · 2018Article
- Commentary: Itsy Bitsy Spider…: Infants React with Increased Arousal to Spiders and Snakes.Frontiers in psychology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Relationships between primates and snakes are of widespread interest from anthropological, psychological, and evolutionary perspectives, but surprisingly, little is known about the dangers that serpents have posed to people with prehistoric lifestyles and nonhuman primates. Here, we report ethnographic observations of 120 Philippine Agta Negritos when they were still preliterate hunter-gatherers, among whom 26% of adult males had survived predation attempts by reticulated pythons. Six fatal attacks occurred between 1934 and 1973. Agta ate pythons as well as deer, wild pigs, and monkeys, which are also eaten by pythons, and therefore, the two species were reciprocally prey, predators, and potential competitors. Natural history data document snake predation on tree shrews and 26 species of nonhuman primates as well as many species of primates approaching, mobbing, killing, and sometimes eating snakes. These findings, interpreted within the context of snake and primate phylogenies, corroborate the hypothesis that complex ecological interactions have long characterized our shared evolutionary history.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.