ArticleInternational archives of occupational and environmental health2012
Job stress and job satisfaction of physicians in private practice: comparison of German and Norwegian physicians.
Article in International archives of occupational and environmental health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of effort-reward imbalance prevalence among physicians.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2022Pooled it
- Burnout prevalence in 2012, 2018 and 2024 among general practitioners in Norway and factors associated with burnout.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Perceptions of the usefulness of Choosing Wisely among general practitioners in Norway: a nationwide survey.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- The moderating effect of the psychosocial working conditions (effort/reward/overcommitment) on the association between noise annoyance and cognitive performance among adolescents.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Job satisfaction and work stress among physicians in Norway and Germany-A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Primary care pediatricians and job satisfaction: a cross sectional study in the Lazio region.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Job Satisfaction among Occupational Therapists Employed in Primary Care Services in Norway.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Analysis on the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and job satisfaction among family doctors in China: a cross-sectional study.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Occupational stress and associated factors among general practitioners in China: a national cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Effort-Reward Imbalance in Emergency Department Physicians: Prevalence and Associated Factors.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- 'Professional-supportive' versus 'economic-operational' management: the relationship between leadership style and hospital physicians' organisational climate.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Article
- Effort-Reward-Imbalance, Burnout, and Depression Among Psychiatrists 2006 and 2016-Changes After a Legislative Intervention.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Changes in work stress among doctors in Norway from 2010 to 2019: a study based on repeated surveys.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Changes in Working Conditions and Mental Health Among Intensive Care Physicians Across a Decade.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Practice Organization Characteristics Related to Job Satisfaction Among General Practitioners in 11 Countries.Annals of family medicine · 2019Article
- Changes in job satisfaction among doctors in Norway from 2010 to 2017: a study based on repeated surveys.BMJ open · 2019Article
- [Subjective and objective work stress among ophthalmologists in private practice in Thuringia : Results of a state-wide survey].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2019Article
- Job satisfaction and stressors for working in out-of-hours care - a pilot study with general practitioners in a rural area of Germany.BMC family practice · 2018Article
- Perceived bullying among Norwegian doctors in 1993, 2004 and 2014-2015: a study based on cross-sectional and repeated surveys.BMJ open · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study examined job satisfaction and job stress of German compared to Norwegian physicians in private practice.
methodsA representative sample of physicians in private practice of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (N = 414) and a nationwide sample of Norwegian general practitioners and private practice specialists (N = 340) were surveyed in a cross-sectional design in 2010. The questionnaire comprised the standard instruments "Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS)" and a short form of the "Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI)".
resultsNorwegian physicians scored significantly higher (<0.01) on all items of the job satisfaction scale compared to German physicians (M 5.57, SD 0.74 vs. M 4.78, SD 1.01). The effect size was highest for the items freedom to choose method (d = 1.012), rate of pay (d = 0.941), and overall job satisfaction (d = 0.931). While there was no significant difference in the mean of the overall effort scale between German and Norwegian physicians, Norwegian physicians scored significantly higher (p < 0.01) on the reward scale. A larger proportion of German physicians (27.6%) presented with an effort/reward ratio beyond 1.0, indicating a risky level of work-related stress, compared to only 10.3% of Norwegian physicians. Working hours, effort, reward, and country differences accounted for 37.4% of the explained variance of job satisfaction.
conclusionsJob satisfaction and reward were significantly higher in Norwegian than in German physicians. An almost threefold higher proportion of German physicians exhibited a high level of work-related stress. Findings call for active prevention and health promotion among stressed practicing physicians, with a special focus on improved working conditions.
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