ArticleThe EMBO journal2012
A palmitoylation switch mechanism regulates Rac1 function and membrane organization.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers.
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Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 176 citations in OpenAlex.
- RAC1 signaling in polyploid giant cancer cells: Implications for tumorigenesis and therapy resistance.Cancer letters · 2026Review
- How Functional Variants Reconfigure the Rac2 Conformational Landscape.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2026Article
- Non-canonical and constitutive activation of small GTPases: more than an exception to the rule?The Biochemical journal · 2026Review
- How Functional Variants Reconfigure the Rac2 Conformational Landscape.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- ZDHHC-Mediated Protein S-Palmitoylation in Cancer: Epigenetic Interfaces, Structural Logic and Therapeutic Targeting.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Cardiomyocyte Rac1 signaling in hypertrophy, arrhythmia, and cardiac stress adaptation.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology plus · 2025Review
- Rac1 palmitoylation is required for cardiac stress adaptation and regulation of protein kinase A signaling.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Inhibition of Unc119b improves insulin sensitivity through potentiation of Rac1 activation in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue.Molecular metabolism · 2025Article
- Palmitic acid and palmitoylation in cancer: Understanding, insights, and challenges.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2025Review
- Rab3gap1 palmitoylation cycling modulates cardiomyocyte exocytosis and atrial natriuretic peptide release.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Protein lipidation in the tumor microenvironment: enzymology, signaling pathways, and therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- The Role of the Swollen State in Cell Proliferation.The Journal of membrane biology · 2025Review
- The Rac1-PAK1-Arp2/3 signaling axis regulates CHIKV nsP1-induced filopodia and optimal viral genome replication.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Lipid synthesis leads the way for invasive migration.The Journal of cell biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Review
- Regulation of cardiomyocyte intracellular trafficking and signal transduction by protein palmitoylation.Biochemical Society transactions · 2024Article
- The ubiquitous nanocluster: A molecular scale organizing principle that governs cellular information flow.Current opinion in cell biology · 2024Review
- Atherosclerosis and Toll-Like Receptor4 (TLR4), Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-1 (LOX-1), and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type9 (PCSK9).Mediators of inflammation · 2024Review
- Lipidation states orchestrate CLICK-III/CaMKIγ's stepwise association with Golgi and rafts-enriched membranes and specify its functional coupling to STEF-Rac1-dependent neurite extension.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The small GTPase Rac1 plays important roles in many processes, including cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, cell-cycle progression and gene expression. The initiation of Rac1 signalling requires at least two mechanisms: GTP loading via the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)/guanosine diphosphate (GDP) cycle, and targeting to cholesterol-rich liquid-ordered plasma membrane microdomains. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing this specific compartmentalization. We show that Rac1 can incorporate palmitate at cysteine 178 and that this post-translational modification targets Rac1 for stabilization at actin cytoskeleton-linked ordered membrane regions. Palmitoylation of Rac1 requires its prior prenylation and the intact C-terminal polybasic region and is regulated by the triproline-rich motif. Non-palmitoylated Rac1 shows decreased GTP loading and lower association with detergent-resistant (liquid-ordered) membranes (DRMs). Cells expressing no Rac1 or a palmitoylation-deficient mutant have an increased content of disordered membrane domains, and markers of ordered membranes isolated from Rac1-deficient cells do not correctly partition in DRMs. Importantly, cells lacking Rac1 palmitoylation show spreading and migration defects. These data identify palmitoylation as a mechanism for Rac1 function in actin cytoskeleton remodelling by controlling its membrane partitioning, which in turn regulates membrane organization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.