ArticleStroke2012
Towards a consensus-based classification of childhood arterial ischemic stroke.
Article in Stroke, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mechanical thrombectomy for pediatric large-vessel occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis with post hoc analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors of post-stroke epilepsy among pediatric population: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Recanalisation quality, not first-pass effect, drives outcomes in paediatric mechanical thrombectomy: a multicentre prospective study.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Incidence and outcome of paediatric cardioembolic stroke: a nationwide population-based study.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Observational
- Arterial ischaemic stroke in adolescents and very young adults-results of a European cohort.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Stroke, infections, and New Mechanisms: a Narrative Review.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- FLAIR Vascular Hyperintensities as Imaging Biomarker in Pediatric Acute Ischemic Stroke.Stroke · 2025Article
- Association of immunonutritional indicators with all-cause mortality in adult stroke patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Cerebral arteriopathies of childhood and stroke - A focus on systemic arteriopathies and pediatric fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD).Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2024Review
- Development of Collateral Vessels after Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion in Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke Relates to Stroke Etiology: A Longitudinal Study.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2024Article
- Prevention of stroke and cognitive decline in pediatric population in resource-limited settings.Frontiers in stroke · 2024Review
- Early arteriopathy in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome 5. Case report and review of literature.The neuroradiology journal · 2023Review
- Neuroimmune Support of Neuronal Regeneration and Neuroplasticity following Cerebral Ischemia in Juvenile Mice.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Focal cerebral arteriopathy-inflammatory type in a child - MR diagnosis using vessel wall imaging technique with review of classification and diagnostic evaluation criteria.Radiology case reports · 2023Article
- Decompressive hemicraniectomy in pediatric malignant arterial ischemic stroke: a case-based review.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2023Review
- Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Review
- Ischemic stroke caused by spontaneous anterior circulation intracranial arterial dissections: patient series.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeThe implementation of uniform nomenclature and classification in adult arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) has been critical for defining outcomes and recurrence risks according to etiology and in developing risk-stratified treatments. In contrast, current classification and nomenclature in childhood AIS are often overlapping or contradictory. Our purpose was to develop a comprehensive consensus-based classification system for childhood AIS.
methodsUsing a modified-Delphi method, members of the International Pediatric Stroke Study (IPSS) developed the Childhood AIS Standardized Classification And Diagnostic Evaluation (CASCADE) criteria. Two groups of pediatric stroke specialists from the IPSS classified 7 test cases using 2 methods each: (1) classification typical of the individual clinician's current clinical practice; and (2) classification based on the CASCADE criteria. Group 1 underwent in-person training in the utilization of the CASCADE criteria. Group 2 classified the same cases via an online survey, including definitions but without training. Inter-rater reliability (IRR) was assessed via multi-rater unweighted κ-statistic.
resultsIn Group 1 (with training), IRR was improved using CASCADE criteria (κ=0.78, 95% CI=[0.49, 0.94]), compared with typical clinical practice (κ=0.40, 95% CI=[0.11, 0.60]). In Group 2 (without training), IRR was lower than among trained raters (κ=0.61, 95% CI=[0.29, 0.77]), but higher than current practice (κ=0.23, 95% CI=[0.03, 0.36]).
conclusionsA new, consensus-based classification system for childhood AIS, the CASCADE criteria, can be used to classify cases with good IRR. These preliminary findings suggest that the CASCADE criteria may be particularity useful in the setting of prospective multicenter studies in childhood-onset AIS, where standardized training of investigators is feasible.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.