ArticleAnnals of Saudi medicine
Outbreak of Bacille Calmette-Guérin-related lymphadenitis in Saudi children at a university hospital after a change in the strain of vaccine.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence of Bacille Calmette-Guérin associated lymphadenitis in healthy children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of postponing BCG vaccination on the risk of BCG-related complications among patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and trends of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin lymphadenitis in Shanghai, China from 2010 to 2019.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Inborn Errors of Immunity in Patients with Adverse Events Following BCG Vaccination in Brazil.Journal of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Fever and an Abdominal Mass in an 18-month-old Boy.Pediatrics in review · 2020Article
- Investigation of adverse events following bacille Calmette-Guérin immunization using immunization safety surveillance system in Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2020Article
- A study of the incidence of BCG vaccine complications in infants of Babol, Mazandaran (2011-2013).Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2016Article
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Saudi Arabia: a Tertiary Care Hospital Experience over a Period of Three Years (2010-2013).Journal of clinical immunology · 2015Article
- Increase in Lymphadenitis Cases after Shift in BCG Vaccine Strain.Emerging infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine related lymphadenitis in children: Management guidelines endorsed by the Saudi Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (SPIDS).International journal of pediatrics & adolescent medicine · 2015Article
- Clinical characteristics and needle aspiration management of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin lymphadenitis in children.Saudi medical journal · 2015Article
- Exploring the sociodemographic and clinical features of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia.PloS one · 2015Article
- Molecular confirmation of Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccine related adverse events among Saudi Arabian children.PloS one · 2014Article
- Admixed phylogenetic distribution of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia.PloS one · 2013Article
- Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination in Saudi Arabia: benefits versus risks.Annals of Saudi medicineArticle
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesBacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is part of the expanded program of vaccination in Saudi Arabia. Lymphadenitis is the most common complication of the BCG vaccine. We observed an increase in the rate of BCG lymphadenitis that coincided with the introduction of a new strain of BCG vaccine. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and the possible causes of BCG lymphadenitis at a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. DESIGN AND
settingRetrospective chart review and prospective follow up of infants who received BCG vaccine.
methodsWe studied all infants presenting with suppurative or nonsuppurative adenopathy with nodes age;2 cm seen at the infectious diseases clinic at KKUH. The study duration was divided into two periods. The first period reviewed infants who received different BCG vaccine strains between January 2002 and December 2007. The second study period was conducted after close evaluation of the BCG administration technique of the vaccinating staff and reviewed infants who received the BCG SSI Danish strain 1331 between January 2008 and December 2010.
resultsDuring the study period from January 2002 to December 2007, 19 402 infants received four different BCG vaccine strains. Eight infants developed BCG lymphadenitis, and all were associated with the BCG SSI vaccine. The incidence rate in 2007 was 1.96 per 1000. In the second period, 66 of 9921 infants who received the BCG SSI vaccine developed BCG lymphadenitis between January 2008 and December 2010. The incidence rate was 10.14 per 1000 in 2010.
conclusionWe conclude that receipt of the BCG SSI vaccine might have contributed to the increased incidence of lymphadenitis in these children. Hence, caution should be exercised in switching from one vaccine to another, as is often done in developing countries.
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