ArticleHuman pathology2012
Androgen receptor expression is usually maintained in initial surgically resected breast cancer metastases but is often lost in end-stage metastases found at autopsy.
Article in Human pathology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of breast-specific marker expression in metastatic breast cancers: Correlation with subtype switch.Histopathology · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Androgens Modulate Bcl-2 Agonist of Cell Death (BAD) Expression and Function in Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Revisiting Androgen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer.The oncologist · 2023Article
- Triple-negative breast cancer metastasis involves complex epithelial-mesenchymal transition dynamics and requires vimentin.Science translational medicine · 2022Article
- Imaging Androgen Receptors in Breast Cancer withJournal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2022Article
- Post-mortem tissue donation programs as platforms to accelerate cancer research.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2020Review
- Editorial: The Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Metastatic salivary duct carcinoma in cardiac and pleural effusions: A case report with immunocytochemical analysis for androgen receptor and HER2.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2019Article
- Sputum Detection of Predisposing Genetic Mutations in Women with Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- The Divergent Function of Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer; Analysis of Steroid Mediators and Tumor Intracrinology.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Review
- T-cadherin is associated with prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer.Oncology letters · 2017Article
- Androgen Receptor Supports an Anchorage-Independent, Cancer Stem Cell-like Population in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer research · 2017Article
- MMTV-PyMT and Derived Met-1 Mouse Mammary Tumor Cells as Models for Studying the Role of the Androgen Receptor in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression.Hormones & cancer · 2017Article
- Immunohistochemistry panel segregates molecular types of hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazilian autopsy cases.World journal of gastroenterology · 2016Article
- Article
- PD-L1 (B7-H1) expression and the immune tumor microenvironment in primary and metastatic breast carcinomas.Human pathology · 2016Article
- Androgen Receptor Biology in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: a Case for Classification as AR+ or Quadruple Negative Disease.Hormones & cancer · 2015Review
- Multiple molecular subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer critically rely on androgen receptor and respond to enzalutamide in vivo.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in approximately 70% of primary breast carcinomas (PBCs) and is a promising therapeutic target for metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC). Here, we examine AR expression in a population of initial surgically resected metastases and a separate cohort of end-stage metastases harvested at autopsy compared with their matched PBCs. Tissue microarrays of matched PBC and MBC were labeled by immunohistochemistry for AR, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her2 and classified into the following previously described categories: luminal (ER/PR+/Her2-), triple negative (ER/PR/Her2-), Her2 (ER/PR-/Her2+), and luminal loss (ER/PR loss from primary to metastasis). In the cohort of surgically resected metastases (n = 16), AR was expressed in 12 of 16 PBC and maintained in 11 of 12 corresponding MBCs. Of these, 36% showed stronger AR labeling in the metastases and none showed a decrease. In the cohort of metastases harvested at autopsy (n = 16), AR was expressed in 11 of 16 primary carcinomas and maintained in only 5 of 11 corresponding metastases. Of these, none showed increased AR and 80% showed decreased AR labeling. AR expression is overwhelmingly concordant between matched PBC and MBC at initial presentation. These findings validate AR as a therapeutic target in MBC and suggest that AR may need to be reevaluated in metastases even if the primary is negative. However, similar to ER/PR, AR expression is often decreased with a trend toward complete loss in end-stage metastases, suggesting a shift of AR expression between initial and end-stage metastases. This suggests an opportunity for targeted antiandrogen therapy at an earlier stage of disease progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.