ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2012
Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) as a biomarker of alcohol consumption in HIV-positive patients in sub-Saharan Africa.
Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 94 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
URBAN ARCH (3/5) Uganda Cohort TB Preventive Therapy for HIV-infected Alcohol Users in Uganda: an Evaluation of Safety Tolerability and Adherence
Substituting SMSs for Provider-delivered Care to Improve Alcohol Use Outcomes in People With and Without HIV in Lesotho
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Factors associated with phosphatidylethanol (PEth) sensitivity for detecting unhealthy alcohol use: An individual patient data meta-analysis.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Pooled it
- Biomolecules and Biomarkers Used in Diagnosis of Alcohol Drinking and in Monitoring Therapeutic Interventions.Biomolecules · 2015Pooled it
- The association between alcohol use and cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV: a systematic review.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2015Pooled it
- Phosphatidylethanol in blood as a marker of chronic alcohol use: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2012Pooled it
- Pilot Results of Masibambisane: Couples Motivational Interviewing with Mobile Breathalyzers to Address Unhealthy Drinking and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Pilot Trial Results of Mlambe: An Economic and Relationship-Strengthening Intervention to Address Heavy Drinking and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi.AIDS and behavior · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Alcohol-focused and transdiagnostic treatments for unhealthy alcohol use among adults with HIV in Zambia: A 3-arm randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2023Trial
- Effect of two counseling interventions on self-reported alcohol consumption, alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth), and viral suppression among persons living with HIV (PWH) with unhealthy alcohol use in Uganda: A randomized controlled trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Correlates of high phosphatidylethanol (PEth) levels and their concordance with self-reported heavy alcohol consumption among men who have sex with men who binge drink alcohol.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Trial
- Effectiveness of Varenicline and Cytisine for Alcohol Use Reduction Among People With HIV and Substance Use: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Naltrexone Among Women Living With HIV: Correlations Between Reductions in Self-Reported Alcohol Use and Changes in Phosphatidylethanol.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Trial
- Effect of 2 Integrated Interventions on Alcohol Abstinence and Viral Suppression Among Vietnamese Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2020Trial
- Phosphatidylethanol in Comparison to Self-Reported Alcohol Consumption Among HIV-Infected Women in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Naltrexone for Reducing Hazardous Drinking.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Trial
- Associations Between the Phosphatidylethanol Alcohol Biomarker and Self-Reported Alcohol Use in a Sample of HIV-Infected Outpatient Drinkers in Western Kenya.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2016Trial
- Brief Intervention Decreases Drinking Frequency in HIV-Infected, Heavy Drinking Women: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Trial
- Efficacy of an alcohol-focused intervention for improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV treatment outcomes - a randomised controlled trial protocol.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Design and methods of a double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of extended-release naltrexone for alcohol dependent and hazardous drinking prisoners with HIV who are transitioning to the community.Contemporary clinical trials · 2014Trial
- Self-reported and Point-of-Care Biomarkers of Substance Use Measures Among Older Adults with HIV from Low- and Middle-Income Countries.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Self-collected dried blood spots for phosphatidylethanol assessment in virtual trials: Feasibility and concordance with self-reported alcohol use among men at high HIV risk.Research square · 2026Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlcohol is heavily consumed in sub-Saharan Africa and affects HIV transmission and treatment and is difficult to measure. Our goal was to examine the test characteristics of a direct metabolite of alcohol consumption, phosphatidylethanol (PEth).
methodsPersons infected with HIV were recruited from a large HIV clinic in southwestern Uganda. We conducted surveys and breath alcohol concentration (BRAC) testing at 21 daily home or drinking establishment visits, and blood was collected on day 21 (n = 77). PEth in whole blood was compared with prior 7-, 14-, and 21-day alcohol consumption.
results(i) The receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) was highest for PEth versus any consumption over the prior 21 days (0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86 to 0.97). The sensitivity for any detectable PEth was 88.0% (95% CI: 76.0 to 95.6) and the specificity was 88.5% (95% CI: 69.8 to 97.6). (ii) The ROC-AUC of PEth versus any 21-day alcohol consumption did not vary with age, body mass index, CD4 cell count, hepatitis B virus infection, and antiretroviral therapy status, but was higher for men compared with women (p = 0.03). (iii) PEth measurements were correlated with several measures of alcohol consumption, including number of drinking days in the prior 21 days (Spearman r = 0.74, p < 0.001) and BRAC (r = 0.75, p < 0.001).
conclusionsThe data add support to the body of evidence for PEth as a useful marker of alcohol consumption with high ROC-AUC, sensitivity, and specificity. Future studies should further address the period and level of alcohol consumption for which PEth is detectable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.