ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Sterile inflammation of endothelial cell-derived apoptotic bodies is mediated by interleukin-1α.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- MicroRNAs in Kawasaki disease: An update on diagnosis, therapy and monitoring.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Apoptotic Bodies in Kidney Disease: Orchestrators of Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Repair.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Review
- Bon appétit, your phagocyte.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Looking at the fraction with Annexin V⁺ and propidium iodide⁺: insights into cell death types from preclinical studies in solid and haematological cancers.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Endothelium-Treg Communication Through Extracellular Vesicle Transfer Exacerbates Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicle Properties and Functions Are Defined by the Originating Cell's Fitness Status.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Effect and Mechanism of Apoptotic Bodies from Inflammatory Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells on Macrophage M1 Polarisation.International dental journal · 2026Article
- The formation of the 'footprint of death' as a mechanism for generating large substrate-bound extracellular vesicles that mark the site of cell death.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived apoptotic vesicles: emerging cell-free strategy for periodontitis treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Endothelial cell-derived apoptotic bodies modulate innate and adaptive immune responses during inflammation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Bioinspired injectable hydrogels for bone regeneration.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- A decade of migrasome research: biogenesis, physiological functions, and disease implications.Cell research · 2025Review
- Recent Progress in Developing Extracellular Vesicles as Nanovehicles to Deliver Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics and Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in periodontal bone repair.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory effect of efferocytosis at the maternal-fetal interface.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of the Immunomodulatory Functions of Dental Follicle Stem Cells and Their Apoptotic Vesicles.Journal of stem cells & regenerative medicine · 2025Article
- NINJ1 oligomerises on large apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles to regulate vesicle stability and cellular content release.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Interleukin-1α release during necrotic-like cell death generates myeloid-driven immunosuppression that restricts anti-tumor immunity.Cancer cell · 2024Article
- In situ visualization of endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicle formation in steady state and malignant conditions.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Endothelial extracellular vesicles: their possible function and clinical significance in diabetic vascular complications.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sterile inflammation resulting from cell death is due to the release of cell contents normally inactive and sequestered within the cell; fragments of cell membranes from dying cells also contribute to sterile inflammation. Endothelial cells undergoing stress-induced apoptosis release membrane microparticles, which become vehicles for proinflammatory signals. Here, we show that stress-activated endothelial cells release two distinct populations of particles: One population consists of membrane microparticles (<1 μm, annexin V positive without DNA and no histones) and another larger (1-3 μm) apoptotic body-like particles containing nuclear fragments and histones, representing apoptotic bodies. Contrary to present concepts, endothelial microparticles do not contain IL-1α and do not induce neutrophilic chemokines in vitro. In contrast, the large apoptotic bodies contain the full-length IL-1α precursor and the processed mature form. In vitro, these apoptotic bodies induce monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and IL-8 chemokine secretion in an IL-1α-dependent but IL-1β-independent fashion. Injection of these apoptotic bodies into the peritoneal cavity of mice induces elevated serum neutrophil-inducing chemokines, which was prevented by cotreatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist. Consistently, injection of these large apoptotic bodies into the peritoneal cavity induced a neutrophilic infiltration that was prevented by IL-1 blockade. Although apoptosis is ordinarily considered noninflammatory, these data demonstrate that nonphagocytosed endothelial apoptotic bodies are inflammatory, providing a vehicle for IL-1α and, therefore, constitute a unique mechanism for sterile inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.