SynthesisJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2011
Single-pill vs free-equivalent combination therapies for hypertension: a meta-analysis of health care costs and adherence.
Synthesis in Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Cardiovascular preventive recommendations. PAPPS 2024 thematic updates].Atencion primaria · 2024Guideline
- Effectiveness of Single-Tablet Combination Therapy in Improving Adherence and Persistence and the Relation to Clinical and Economic Outcomes.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2024Pooled it
- Medication adherence with fixed-doseFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Real-world adherence to, and persistence with, once- and twice-daily oral disease-modifying drugs in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2020Pooled it
- 2019 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults With High Blood Pressure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2019Guideline
- 2019 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults With High Blood Pressure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2019Guideline
- Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2018Guideline
- The impact of fixed-dose combination versus free-equivalent combination therapies on adherence for hypertension: a meta-analysis.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Pooled it
- Blood pressure outcomes of medication adherence interventions: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Free versus Fixed Combination Antihypertensive Therapy for Essential Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: american society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline focused update.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2014Guideline
- Adherence to triple-component antihypertensive regimens is higher with single-pill than equivalent two-pill regimens: A randomized controlled trial.Clinical and translational science · 2021Trial
- Pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study of a telmisartan/S-amlodipine fixed-dose combination (CKD-828) formulation and coadministered telmisartan and S-amlodipine in healthy subjects.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Trial
- Pharmacokinetic comparison of a fixed-dose combination versus concomitant administration of fimasartan, amlodipine, and rosuvastatin using partial replicated design in healthy adult subjects.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Trial
- Efficacy and tolerability of triple-combination therapy with olmesartan, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide: a subgroup analysis of patients stratified by hypertension severity, age, sex, and obesity.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2014Trial
- Exploratory comparative pharmacokinetic study of a fixed-dose combination of telmisartan/amlodipine/chlorthalidone: half-dose (20/2.5/6.25 mg) versus conventional dose (40/5/12.5 mg).Translational and clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Fixed-dose combination antihypertensive therapy and healthcare utilization in U.S. adults with hypertension: a propensity score-based analysis of a nationally representative population.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Acceptability of fixed-dose combination treatments for hypertension in Kenya: A qualitative study using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Update of the clinical guideline for hypertension diagnosis and treatment in Iran.Clinical hypertension · 2024Article
- Thiazide-Induced Hyponatremia Presenting as a Fall in an Older Adult.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This meta-analysis compares health care resource use costs, adherence, and persistence between groups of patients taking antihypertensives as single-pill combinations (SPCs) vs free-equivalent components (FEC) based on a structured review of published studies. The search yielded 12 retrospective database studies included in analyses. The mean difference in combined total annual all-cause and hypertension-related health care costs was $1357 (95% confidence interval [CI], $778-$1935) lower in favor of SPC than FEC groups. Adherence, measured as the mean difference in medication possession ratio, was estimated to be 8% higher for patients naive to prior antihypertensives and 14% higher for nonnaive SPC patients compared with corresponding FEC patients. Persistence in the SPC groups was twice as likely as the FEC groups (pooled risk ratio, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-4.1). Improved adherence and persistence may have contributed to the lower costs in the SPC groups via improved clinical outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.