SynthesisJournal of neurotrauma2012
A systematic review of the effects of pharmacological agents on walking function in people with spinal cord injury.
Synthesis in Journal of neurotrauma, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional improvement in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury treated with 4-aminopyridine: A systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Interventions to Reduce Spasticity and Improve Function in People With Chronic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Distinctions Revealed by Different Analytical Methods.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2015Trial
- Effects of serotonergic medications on locomotor performance in humans with incomplete spinal cord injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2014Trial
- Pharmacological and device-based interventions for paraplegia: A ClinicalTrials.gov-based analysis.Medicine · 2026Article
- Improvement in Motor and Walking Capacity during Multisegmental Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation in Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation increases corticospinal transmission and enhances voluntary motor output in humans.Physiological reports · 2020Article
- Imbalanced Corticospinal and Reticulospinal Contributions to Spasticity in Humans with Spinal Cord Injury.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- A Longitudinal Study of the Neurologic Safety of Acute Baclofen Use After Spinal Cord Injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2019Article
- Assessing the ability of the Sacral Autonomic Standards to document bladder and bowel function based upon the Asia Impairment Scale.Spinal cord series and cases · 2019Article
- Walking Function After Cervical Contusion and Distraction Spinal Cord Injuries in Rats.Journal of experimental neuroscience · 2019Article
- Pericytes Make Spinal Cord Breathless after Injury.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2018Review
- Retraining Reflexes: Clinical Translation of Spinal Reflex Operant Conditioning.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2018Review
- Sherlock Holmes and the curious case of the human locomotor central pattern generator.Journal of neurophysiology · 2018Review
- Strategies to augment volitional and reflex function may improve locomotor capacity following incomplete spinal cord injury.Journal of neurophysiology · 2018Review
- The effects of paranodal myelin damage on action potential depend on axonal structure.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2018Article
- Lentivirus-mediated silencing of the PTC1 and PTC2 genes promotes recovery from spinal cord injury by activating the Hedgehog signaling pathway in a rat model.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2017Article
- Surgical Neurostimulation for Spinal Cord Injury.Brain sciences · 2017Review
- Spinal cord injury: a review of the most-cited publications.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2017Review
- Using primate neural stem cells cultured in self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds to repair injured spinal cords in rats.Spinal cord · 2016Article
- Unique Spatiotemporal Neuromodulation of the Lumbosacral Circuitry Shapes Locomotor Success after Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Studies of spinalized animals indicate that some pharmacological agents may act on receptors in the spinal cord, helping to produce coordinated locomotor movement. Other drugs may help to ameliorate the neuropathological changes resulting from spinal cord injury (SCI), such as spasticity or demyelination, to improve walking. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the effects of pharmacological agents on gait in people with SCI. A keyword literature search of articles that evaluated the effects of drugs on walking after SCI was performed using the databases MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and hand searching. Two reviewers independently evaluated each study, using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) tool for randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and the modified Downs & Black scale for all other studies. Results were tabulated and levels of evidence were assigned. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. One RCT provided Level 1 evidence that GM-1 ganglioside in combination with physical therapy improved motor scores, walking velocity, and distance better than placebo and physical therapy in persons with incomplete SCI. Multiple studies (levels of evidence 1-5) showed that clonidine and cyproheptadine may improve locomotor function and walking speed in severely impaired individuals with incomplete SCI. Gains in walking speed associated with GM-1, cyproheptadine, and clonidine are low compared to those seen with locomotor training. There was also Level 1 evidence that 4-aminopyridine and L-dopa were no better than placebo in helping to improve gait. Two Level 5 studies showed that baclofen had little to no effect on improving walking in persons with incomplete SCI. There is limited evidence that pharmacological agents tested so far would facilitate the recovery of walking after SCI. More studies are needed to better understand the effects of drugs combined with gait training on walking outcomes in people with SCI.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.