SynthesisThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2012
Respiratory impairment and the aging lung: a novel paradigm for assessing pulmonary function.
Synthesis in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03737890 (Comparison of Hold Relax Pectoral Stretch & Inspiratory Muscle Training on Pulmonary Function Among Frail Elderly), which is not on this map. Cited by 87 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Hold Relax Pectoral Stretch & Inspiratory Muscle Training on Pulmonary Function Among Frail Elderly
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Pulmonary Function and Cognition in Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2020Pooled it
- A Multi-study Coordinated Meta-analysis of Pulmonary Function and Cognition in Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2019Pooled it
- Mitochondrial DNA variants and pulmonary function in older persons.Experimental gerontology · 2019Pooled it
- Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium (N=53949).Molecular psychiatry · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Effect of Structured Physical Activity on Respiratory Outcomes in Sedentary Elderly Adults with Mobility Limitations.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2016Trial
- Respiratory impairment and dyspnea and their associations with physical inactivity and mobility in sedentary community-dwelling older persons.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2014Trial
- Integrating frailty and acute illness severity scoring for risk stratification in acute geriatric care: Review and practical guide.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Functional, molecular, and digital measurements of biological age.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Hallmarks of the ageing lung: 10 years later.The European respiratory journal · 2026Review
- Article
- Lung function as a mediator: bridging appendicular skeletal muscle mass and dementia in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Cellular plasticity and regenerative mechanisms in the lung.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Barometric whole-body plethysmography investigating breed-specific variations in dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Lung function and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a population-based cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Multilevel risk analysis of postoperative pulmonary complications following mandibular fractures: a retrospective cohort study based on patient characteristics and healthcare system factors.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Peak expiratory flow predicts motoric cognitive risk syndrome: A cohort study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Impact of Long COVID symptoms on individuals in Hong Kong: Implications for occupational therapy practices.The British journal of occupational therapy · 2025Article
- Nomogram model of mortality risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in intensive care unit: based on MIMIC-IV database and external validation study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Relationship Between COPD Progression and Frailty Progression: A Five-year Observation in Real Clinical Practice.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Observational
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOlder persons have an increased risk of developing respiratory impairment because the aging lung is likely to have experienced exposures to environmental toxins as well as reductions in physiological capacity.
methodsSystematic review of risk factors and measures of pulmonary function that are most often considered when defining respiratory impairment in aging populations.
resultsAcross the adult life span, there are frequent exposures to environmental toxins, including tobacco smoke, respiratory infections, air pollution, and occupational dusts. Concurrently, there are reductions in physiological capacity that may adversely affect ventilatory control, respiratory muscle strength, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange. Recent work has provided a strong rationale for defining respiratory impairment as an age-adjusted reduction in spirometric measures of pulmonary function that are independently associated with adverse health outcomes. Specifically, establishing respiratory impairment based on spirometric Z-scores has been shown to be strongly associated with respiratory symptoms, frailty, and mortality. Alternatively, respiratory impairment may be defined by the peak expiratory flow, as measured by a peak flow meter. The peak expiratory flow, when expressed as a Z-score, has been shown to be strongly associated with disability and mortality. However, because it has a reduced diagnostic accuracy, peak expiratory flow should only define respiratory impairment when spirometry is not readily available or an older person cannot adequately perform spirometry.
conclusionsAging is associated with an increased risk of developing respiratory impairment, which is best defined by spirometric Z-scores. Alternatively, in selected cases, respiratory impairment may be defined by peak expiratory flow, also expressed as a Z-score.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.