ReviewCritical care (London, England)2011
Clinical review: Optimizing enteral nutrition for critically ill patients--a simple data-driven formula.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of nutritional and inflammatory markers in predicting postoperative complications after esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: mechanisms, clinical applications, and future perspectives.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Enteral glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2015Pooled it
- Semi-elemental versus polymeric formula for enteral nutrition in brain-injured critically ill patients: a randomized trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2021Trial
- Effect of Immune-Enhancing Enteral Nutrition Enriched with or without Beta-Glucan on Immunomodulation in Critically Ill Patients.Nutrients · 2016Trial
- Combination of arginine, glutamine, and omega-3 fatty acid supplements for perioperative enteral nutrition in surgical patients with gastric adenocarcinoma or gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): A prospective, randomized, double-blind study.Journal of postgraduate medicineTrial
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- Article
- Machine learning-based model for prediction of swallowing recovery in post-stroke patients.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- AI-Enabled Precision Nutrition in the ICU: A Narrative Review and Implementation Roadmap.Nutrients · 2025Review
- From Ancient Enemas to Tube Feeding, I: History, Administration, and Nutritional Composition of Commercial Versus Food-Based Formulas in Critical Illness.American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses · 2025Review
- Semi-elemental versus polymeric formula for enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a secondary analysis of a multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Role of artificial intelligence in critical care nutrition support and research.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2024Review
- The effect of low dietary inflammatory index score formula on inflammatory, metabolic, and clinical outcomes in critically ill traumatic brain injury patients: A single-blind randomized controlled pilot study.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
- Technological innovation and clinical application of direct percutaneous computed tomography-guided enterostomy vs other enterostomy techniques.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2022Article
- Effect of dietary soybean oil inclusion on liver-related transcription factors in a pig model for metabolic diseases.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Do we need a 6D's Framework of Nutritional Stewardship in critical care?Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2021Article
- Dietary Fish, Fish Nutrients, and Immune Function: A Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- Association between disease-related malnutrition and innate immunity gene expression in critically ill patients at intensive care unit admission.Central-European journal of immunology · 2020Article
- Nutritional Care in Iranian Intensive Care Units.Clinical nutrition research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In modern critical care, the paradigm of 'therapeutic nutrition' is replacing traditional 'supportive nutrition'. Standard enteral formulas meet basic macro- and micronutrient needs; therapeutic enteral formulas meet these basic needs and also contain specific pharmaconutrients that may attenuate hyperinflammatory responses, enhance the immune responses to infection, or improve gastrointestinal tolerance. Choosing the right enteral feeding formula may positively affect a patient's outcome; targeted use of therapeutic formulas can reduce the incidence of infectious complications, shorten lengths of stay in the ICU and in the hospital, and lower risk for mortality. In this paper, we review principles of how to feed (enteral, parenteral, or both) and when to feed (early versus delayed start) patients who are critically ill. We discuss what to feed these patients in the context of specific pharmaconutrients in specialized feeding formulations, that is, arginine, glutamine, antioxidants, certain ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, hydrolyzed proteins, and medium-chain triglycerides. We summarize current expert guidelines for nutrition in patients with critical illness, and we present specific clinical evidence on the use of enteral formulas supplemented with anti-inflammatory or immune-modulating nutrients, and gastrointestinal tolerance-promoting nutritional formulas. Finally, we introduce an algorithm to help bedside clinicians make data-driven feeding decisions for patients with critical illness.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.