ArticleImmunity & ageing : I & A2011
Immunopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis: an old wives' tale.
Article in Immunity & ageing : I & A, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibodies in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: From Classical Markers to Emerging Targets.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Letter to the editor: the causal effects of primary biliary cholangitis on irritable bowel syndrome a mendelian randomization study.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- Antibodies directed against bacterial antigens in sera of Polish patients with primary biliary cholangitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic and immunological interventions in primary biliary cholangitis: from mouse models to humans.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2018Article
- Increased Incidence of Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in Autoimmune Liver Disease: An Irish National Experience.Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology · 2018Article
- The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator?Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2018Review
- Glucocorticoids Cause Gender-Dependent Reversal of Hepatic Fibrosis in the MDR2-Knockout Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- Chronic expression of interferon-gamma leads to murine autoimmune cholangitis with a female predominance.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2016Article
- Primary biliary cirrhosis is a generalized autoimmune epithelitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Review
- Changing trends of hospitalisation of liver cirrhosis in Beijing, China.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2015Article
- Potential Roles for Infectious Agents in the Pathophysiology of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: What's New?Current infectious disease reports · 2013Article
- p38 MAPK Signaling in Pemphigus: Implications for Skin Autoimmunity.Autoimmune diseases · 2013Article
- The X-factor in primary biliary cirrhosis: monosomy X and xenobiotics.Auto- immunity highlights · 2012Review
- Predicting and preventing autoimmunity: the case of anti-mitochondrial antibodies.Auto- immunity highlights · 2012Review
- Popular and unpopular infectious agents linked to primary biliary cirrhosis.Auto- immunity highlights · 2012Review
- Sex differences associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
- Tuberculosis is not a risk factor for primary biliary cirrhosis: a review of the literature.Tuberculosis research and treatment · 2012Article
- Autoantibodies in autoimmune pancreatitis.International journal of rheumatology · 2012Article
- Epstein-barr virus as a trigger of autoimmune liver diseases.Advances in virology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease characterised by the autoimmune destruction of the small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease has an unpredictable clinical course, but may progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Although medical treatment with urseodeoxycholic acid is largely successful, some patients may progress to liver failure requiring liver transplantation. PBC is characterised by the presence of disease specific anti-mitochondrial (AMA) antibodies, which are pathognomonic for PBC development. The disease demonstrates an overwhelming female preponderance and virtually all women with PBC present in middle age. The reasons for this are unknown; however several environmental and immunological factors may be involved. As the immune systems ages, it become less self tolerant, and mounts a weaker response to pathogens, possibly leading to cross reactivity or molecular mimicry. Some individuals display immunological changes which encourage the development of autoimmune disease. Risk factors implicated in PBC include recurrent urinary tract infection in females, as well as an increased prevalence of reproductive complications. These risk factors may work in concert with and possibly even accelerate, immune system ageing, contributing to PBC development. This review will examine the changes that occur in the immune system with ageing, paying particular attention to those changes which contribute to the development of autoimmune disease with increasing age. The review also discusses risk factors which may account for the increased female predominance of PBC, such as recurrent UTI and oestrogens.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.