ReviewThe oncologist2011
Toxicity as a biomarker of efficacy of molecular targeted therapies: focus on EGFR and VEGF inhibiting anticancer drugs.
Review in The oncologist, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Guideline
- Chinese management guidelines for radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (2025 edition).European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Guideline
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Guideline
- Dermatologic Toxicity Occurring During Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Clinical colorectal cancer · 2018Pooled it
- Toxicity profile of approved anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Efficacy in patients withFuture oncology (London, England) · 2024Trial
- A phase II study of axitinib in advanced neuroendocrine tumors.Endocrine-related cancer · 2016Trial
- Adverse side-effects of antifibrotic drugs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-clarification of several points.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity and its role in reshaping immunotherapy in solid cancers: potential strategies and clinical promise.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Adverse side-effects of antifibrotic drugs and outcome of treatment in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Conversion to Resection After Neoadjuvant Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Nab-Paclitaxel for Borderline Resectable CCA: A Real-World Exploratory Analysis.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Hypertension toxicity of VEGFR-TKIs in cancer treatment: incidence, mechanisms, and management strategies.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Ribociclib-Induced Cutaneous Adverse Events in Metastatic HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer: Incidence, Multidisciplinary Management, and Prognostic Implication.The oncologist · 2024Article
- Exploring the impact of TGF-β family gene mutations and expression on skin wound healing and tissue repair.International wound journal · 2024Article
- Efficacy and safety of nintedanib and docetaxel in patients with previously treated lung non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective real-world analysis.Radiology and oncology · 2023Article
- Review of the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Context of Cancer Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Side effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and associations withOncology letters · 2023Article
- Cabozantinib, Vandetanib, Pralsetinib and Selpercatinib as Treatment for Progressed Medullary Thyroid Cancer with a Main Focus on Hypertension as Adverse Effect.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular adverse effects associated with the use of anti-HER2 in breast cancer treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In addition to being present in tumor cells, many targets of signal transduction inhibitors are also found in normal tissue. Side effects attributable to the mechanism of action of molecular targeted agents thus represent "on-target" modulation in normal tissues. These mechanism-based toxicities can be pharmacodynamic effects of pathway inhibition and, in tumors depending on the inhibited pathway for proliferation, might be biomarkers of efficacy. The development of rash with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with superior outcomes in lung, head and neck, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer studies. Correlated with superior efficacy in retrospective analyses of large studies in advanced colorectal, breast, and renal cell carcinoma, arterial hypertension as an adverse event of antiangiogenic agents may also be a marker of effective target inhibition. An association between hypothyroidism and the activity of multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been identified in renal cell carcinoma patients. Tumor growth addiction to the specific pathway that is effectively targeted may be the link between a mechanism-based toxicity and efficacy. The biological basis for this correlation can be pharmacological, with higher drug exposure being associated with greater toxicity and antitumor activity, and can also be genetic, because single nucleotide polymorphisms play an important role in drug pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. Investigators have proposed that interpatient differences and associated toxicities can be exploited for dose selection and titration, and clinical trials are currently exploring intrapatient "dosing-to-toxicity" strategies. Ultimately, the predictive value of a side effect of molecular targeted therapies requires validation in prospective trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.