ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2012
Cervical cancer prevention in HIV-infected women using the "see and treat" approach in Botswana.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03324009 (Development of a Two-stage Cervical Cancer Screening Algorithm for Botswana), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Development of a Two-stage Cervical Cancer Screening Algorithm for Botswana
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implementation research on noncommunicable disease prevention and control interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.PLoS medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Implementation strategies to improve cervical cancer prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2018Pooled it
- Health systems facilitators and barriers to the integration of HIV and chronic disease services: a systematic review.Health policy and planning · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective.BMC women's health · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Explaining disparities in oncology health systems delays and stage at diagnosis between men and women in Botswana: A cohort study.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Integrating Cervical Cancer Prevention into HIV Services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review Addressing the Dual Burden Among Women.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Health System Strategies to Improve the Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Systematic Review.Health promotion practice · 2026Article
- Strategies to integrate non-communicable disease interventions in HIV and tuberculosis care contexts in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Cervical and Tumor-Associated Microbiomes in Botswana Women With and Without HIV With Carcinoma of the Cervix Before and After Definitive Chemoradiation.JCO global oncology · 2025Article
- Factors associated with willingness to perform expedited excisional treatment for patients at high risk for cervical precancer.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Article
- Article
- High-risk human papillomavirus diversity among indigenous women of western Botswana with normal cervical cytology and dysplasia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Recommendations for Developing a Telemedicine Strategy for Botswana: A Meta-Synthesis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Distance to Multidisciplinary Team Clinic in Gaborone, Botswana, and Stage at Cervical Cancer Presentation for Women Living With and Without HIV.JCO global oncology · 2022Article
- Support for lowering cervical cancer screening age to 25 for women living with HIV: retrospective cross-sectional programmatic data from Botswana.BMC women's health · 2022Article
- "When You Have Gotten Help, That Means You Were Strong": A Qualitative Study of Experiences in a "Screen and Treat" Program for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Malawi.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2022Article
- Persistence and clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus and cervical dysplasia at 1 year in women living with human immunodeficiency virus: a prospective cohort study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2021Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCervical cancer is a major public health problem in resource-limited settings, particularly among HIV-infected women. Given the challenges of cytology-based approaches, the efficiency of new screening programs need to be assessed.
settingCommunity and hospital-based clinics in Gaborone, Botswana.
objectiveTo determine the feasibility and efficiency of the "see and treat" approach using visual inspection acetic acid (VIA) and enhanced digital imaging (EDI) for cervical cancer prevention in HIV-infected women.
methodsA 2-tier community-based cervical cancer prevention program was implemented. HIV-infected women were screened by nurses at the community using the VIA/EDI approach. Low-grade lesions were treated with cryotherapy on the same visit. Women with complex lesions were referred to our second tier specialized clinic for evaluation. Weekly quality control assessments were performed by a specialist in collaboration with the nurses on all pictures taken.
resultsFrom March 2009 through January 2011, 2175 patients were screened for cervical cancer at our community-based clinic. Two hundred fifty-three patients (11.6%) were found to have low-grade lesions and received same-day cryotherapy. One thousand three hundred forty-seven (61.9%) women were considered to have a normal examination, and 575 (27.3%) were referred for further evaluation and treatment. Of the 1347 women initially considered to have normal exams, 267 (19.8%) were recalled based on weekly quality control assessments. Two hundred ten (78.6%) of the 267 recalled women, and 499 (86.8%) of the 575 referred women were seen at the referral clinic. Of these 709 women, 506 (71.4%) required additional treatment. Overall, 264 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia stage 2 or 3 were identified and treated, and 6 microinvasive cancers identified were referred for further management.
conclusionsOur "see and treat" cervical cancer prevention program using the VIA/EDI approach is a feasible, high-output and high-efficiency program, worthy of considering as an additional cervical cancer screening method in Botswana, especially for women with limited access to the current cytology-based screening services.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.