ArticleBlood2012
Vitamin K antagonists in children with heart disease: height and VKORC1 genotype are the main determinants of the warfarin dose requirement.
Article in Blood, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- CYP2C9, VKORC1, and CYP4F2 polymorphisms and pediatric warfarin maintenance dose: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2020Pooled it
- Precision Medicine for Anticoagulation Strategies in the Cath Lab: Part 2.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Vitamin K Deficiency: Diagnosis and Management.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2025Review
- A Systematic Review of Polygenic Models for Predicting Drug Outcomes.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- The Impact of Pharmacogenetics on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Neonates and Infants: A Systematic Review.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Deciphering Genetic Variants of Warfarin Metabolism in Children With Ventricular Assist Devices.Pediatric cardiology · 2021Article
- Assessment of the Implementation of Pharmacogenomic Testing in a Pediatric Tertiary Care Setting.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Personalised Warfarin Dosing in Children Post-cardiac Surgery.Pediatric cardiology · 2019Observational
- Considerations for Implementing Precision Therapeutics for Children.Clinical and translational science · 2019Article
- The Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 Gene Polymorphisms on the Response to Warfarin in Egyptians.Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion · 2018Article
- Pharmacogenomics of CYP2C9: Functional and Clinical Considerations.Journal of personalized medicine · 2017Review
- Effect of VKORC1, CYP2C9, CFP4F2, and GGCX Gene Polymorphisms on Warfarin Dose in Japanese Pediatric Patients.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2016Article
- Pharmacogenomics in Pediatric Patients: Towards Personalized Medicine.Paediatric drugs · 2016Review
- Effect of CYP2C9, VKORC1, and CYP4F2 polymorphisms on warfarin maintenance dose in children aged less than 18 years: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2016Article
- Effects of VKORC1 Genetic Polymorphisms on Warfarin Maintenance Dose Requirement in a Chinese Han Population.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2015Article
- A Bayesian decision support tool for efficient dose individualization of warfarin in adults and children.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2015Article
- Revisiting Warfarin Dosing Using Machine Learning Techniques.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2015Article
- Pharmacogenetics of warfarin in a paediatric population: time in therapeutic range, initial and stable dosing and adverse effects.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2014Article
- Frequency of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene polymorphisms and their influence on warfarin dose in Egyptian pediatric patients.Paediatric drugs · 2014Article
- Characterizing variability in warfarin dose requirements in children using modelling and simulation.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Managing vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy is challenging in children because of a narrow therapeutic range and wide inter- and intra-individual variability in dose response. Only a few small studies have investigated the effect of nongenetic and genetic factors on the dose response to VKAs in children. In a cohort study including 118 children (median age 9 years; range, 3 months-18 years) mostly with cardiac disease, we evaluated by multivariate analysis the relative contribution of nongenetic factors and VKORC1/CYP2C9/CYP4F2 genotypes on warfarin (n = 83) or fluindione (n = 35) maintenance dose and the influence of these factors on the time spent within/above/below the range. The results showed that height, target international normalized ratio and VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes were the main determinants of warfarin dose requirement, accounting for 48.1%, 4.4%, 18.2%, and 2.0% of variability, respectively, and explaining 69.7% of the variability. Our model predicted the warfarin dose within 7 mg/wk in 86.7% of patients. None of the covariates was associated with the time spent above or below the international normalized ratio range. Whether this model predicts accurately the effective maintenance dose is currently being investigated.
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