ArticleArthritis and rheumatism2011
Dual effect of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene on the development and severity of human systemic lupus erythematosus.
Article in Arthritis and rheumatism, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor -173 G>C Gene Polymorphism and Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Bridging Inflammation and Oncology: The Role and Therapeutic Potential of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A MIF-p38-GSDMD inflammatory loop in keratinocytes underlies UVB-induced cutaneous lupus.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Pathogenic role of MIF receptor (CD74) expressing T cells in inflammatory arthritis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- MIF functional polymorphisms are associated with acute GVHD progression and steroid-refractoriness.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- MIF contribution to progressive brain diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Targeting of oxidized Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (oxMIF) with antibody ON104 attenuates the severity of glomerulonephritis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Single-cell mass cytometry in immunological skin diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- OxMIF: a druggable isoform of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in cancer and inflammatory diseases.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Review
- Deep Insight into the Role of MIF in Spondyloarthritis.Current rheumatology reports · 2022Review
- Thrombin acts as inducer of proinflammatory macrophage migration inhibitory factor in astrocytes following rat spinal cord injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Revealing the Immune Heterogeneity between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Multi-Omics Data Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Nodding syndrome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor may play a protective role in osteoarthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2021Article
- Article
- Assessment of Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as an Early Diagnostic Marker of Leptospirosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Levels of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor and polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2021Review
- The Genetic Control of the Rheumatic Heart: Closing the Genotype-Phenotype Gap.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) gene polymorphisms are associated with disease susceptibility and with circulating MIF levels in active non-segmental vitiligo in patients from western Mexico.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2020Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo study the effect of the innate cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on the susceptibility and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a multinational population of 1,369 Caucasian and African American patients.
methodsTwo functional polymorphisms in the MIF gene, a -794 CATT(5-8) microsatellite repeat (rs5844572) and a -173 G/C single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs755622), were assessed for association with SLE in 3,195 patients and healthy controls. We also measured MIF plasma levels in relation to genotypes and clinical phenotypes, and assessed Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7)-stimulated MIF production in vitro.
resultsBoth Caucasians and African Americans with the high-expression MIF haplotype -794 CATT(7)/-173*C had a lower incidence of SLE (in Caucasians, odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.53-0.89, P = 0.001; in African Americans, OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.95, P = 0.012). In contrast, among patients with established SLE, reduced frequencies of low-expression MIF genotypes (-794 CATT(5)) were observed in those with nephritis, those with serositis, and those with central nervous system (CNS) involvement when compared to patients without end-organ involvement (P = 0.023, P = 0.005, and P = 0.04, respectively). Plasma MIF levels and TLR-7-stimulated MIF production in vitro reflected the underlying MIF genotype of the studied groups.
conclusionThese findings suggest that MIF, which has both proinflammatory properties and macrophage and B cell survival functions, exerts a dual influence on the immunopathogenesis of SLE. High-expression MIF genotypes are associated with a reduced susceptibility to SLE and may contribute to an enhanced clearance of infectious pathogens. Once SLE develops, however, low-expression MIF genotypes may protect from ensuing inflammatory end-organ damage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.