SynthesisCritical care (London, England)2011
Risk factors for invasive fungal disease in critically ill adult patients: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Critical care (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Cutaneous Invasive Opportunistic Fungal Infections in Dogs Receiving Ciclosporin for Immune-Mediated Diseases: A Case-Control Study.Veterinary dermatology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of antifungal prophylaxis in surgical intensive care unit patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- The complexity of invasive fungal diseases in the intensive care unit: evaluation of metagenomic next-generation sequencing.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and Safety of Empirical Antifungal Strategies in Critically Ill, Non-Neutropenic Patients: A Multi-Center Observational Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- A Pragmatic Strategy for Improving Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in UK and Ireland ICUs.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Role of liposomal amphotericin B in intensive care unit: an expert opinion paper.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2025Review
- Epidemiology and risk factors of fungal pathogens in sepsis: a prospective nationwide multicenter cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Non-Candida mycosis in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: perspective of a low-incidence region.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Unveils Prognostic Microbial Synergism and Guides Precision Therapy in Candidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Nutritional Strategies for the Treatment and Prevention of Sepsis Outside the Intensive Care Unit.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The effectiveness and safety of posaconazole enteric-coated tablet versus oral suspension in invasive fungal infections.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Insights from Three Pan-European Multicentre Studies on Invasive Candida Infections and Outlook to ECMM Candida IV.Mycopathologia · 2024Review
- Guidelines for Antibiotics Prescription in Critically Ill Patients.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2024Article
- Identifying the risk factors of ICU-acquired fungal infections: clinical evidence from using machine learning.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- First trend analysis of antifungals consumption in Lebanon using the World Health Organization collaborating center for drug statistics methodology.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Growing importance of urogenital candidiasis in individuals with diabetes: A narrative review.World journal of diabetes · 2022Review
- The Diagnostic Relevance of β-D-Glucan for Candidemia within Internal Medicine Wards.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Immunosuppressed Patients with Clinically Diagnosed Invasive Fungal Infections: The Fungal Species Distribution, Antifungal Sensitivity and Associated Risk Factors in a Tertiary Hospital of Anhui Province.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionOver 5,000 cases of invasive Candida species infections occur in the United Kingdom each year, and around 40% of these cases occur in critical care units. Invasive fungal disease (IFD) in critically ill patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality at a cost to both the individual and the National Health Service. In this paper, we report the results of a systematic review performed to identify and summarise the important risk factors derived from published multivariable analyses, risk prediction models and clinical decision rules for IFD in critically ill adult patients to inform the primary data collection for the Fungal Infection Risk Evaluation Study.
methodsAn internet search was performed to identify articles which investigated risk factors, risk prediction models or clinical decisions rules for IFD in critically ill adult patients. Eligible articles were identified in a staged process and were assessed by two investigators independently. The methodological quality of the reporting of the eligible articles was assessed using a set of questions addressing both general and statistical methodologies.
resultsThirteen articles met the inclusion criteria, of which eight articles examined risk factors, four developed a risk prediction model or clinical decision rule and one evaluated a clinical decision rule. Studies varied in terms of objectives, risk factors, definitions and outcomes. The following risk factors were found in multiple studies to be significantly associated with IFD: surgery, total parenteral nutrition, fungal colonisation, renal replacement therapy, infection and/or sepsis, mechanical ventilation, diabetes, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) or APACHE III score. Several other risk factors were also found to be statistically significant in single studies only. Risk factor selection process and modelling strategy also varied across studies, and sample sizes were inadequate for obtaining reliable estimates.
conclusionsThis review shows a number of risk factors to be significantly associated with the development of IFD in critically ill adults. Methodological limitations were identified in the design and conduct of studies in this area, and caution should be used in their interpretation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.