ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2012
Simultaneous delivery of tenofovir and acyclovir via an intravaginal ring.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of a Triple-Combination Intravaginal Ring for HIV Prevention.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Next Generation 3D Printed Multipurpose Intravaginal Ring For Sustained Co-Delivery of Antiretroviral Drugs and A Contraceptive Hormone.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- Electrohydrodynamic Coating with Acyclovir PLGA Conjugate for Antiviral Functionalization of Medical Surfaces.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Vaginally-delivered fast-dissolving antibody tablets (FDAT) for on-demand non-hormonal contraception and multi-purpose protection.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Studying In Vitro Drug Permeation Across Mucosal Membranes.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Next-generation 3D printed multipurpose prevention intravaginal ring for prevention of HIV, HSV-2, and unintended pregnancy.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- 3D-Printed EVA Devices for Antiviral Delivery and Herpes Virus Control in Genital Infection.Viruses · 2022Article
- Multipurpose Prevention Technologies: Oral, Parenteral, and Vaginal Dosage Forms for Prevention of HIV/STIs and Unplanned Pregnancy.Polymers · 2021Review
- Development of Gram Stain Scoring System Based on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Sheep Model for Testing Toxicity of Vaginal Products.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Article
- Characterization of the Ovine Vaginal Microbiome and Inflammation Patterns as an Improved Testing Model of Human Vaginal Irritation.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Article
- Carrageenan-Based Acyclovir Mucoadhesive Vaginal Tablets for Prevention of Genital Herpes.Marine drugs · 2020Article
- MATRIX-BASED CONTROLLED RELEASE DELIVERY OF ACYCLOVIR FROM POLY-(ETHYLENE CO-VINYL ACETATE) RINGS.Journal of drug delivery science and technology · 2020Article
- In Vitro Methods for Evaluating Drug Release of Vaginal Ring Formulations-A Critical Review.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Article
- Multipurpose tenofovir disoproxil fumarate electrospun fibers for the prevention of HIV-1 and HSV-2 infections in vitro.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2017Article
- Pharmacokinetics of the Protein Microbicide 5P12-RANTES in Sheep following Single-Dose Vaginal Gel Administration.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Article
- Evaluation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(dl-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) electrospun fibers for the treatment of HSV-2 infection.Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications · 2017Article
- Article
- Combination Pod-Intravaginal Ring Delivers Antiretroviral Agents for HIV Prophylaxis: Pharmacokinetic Evaluation in an Ovine Model.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
- Accurate measurement of female genital tract fluid dilution in cervicovaginal lavage samples.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vaginal microbicides may play an important role in protecting women from HIV infection. A strong synergy between HSV and HIV has been observed, and epidemiological studies demonstrate that HSV infection increases the risk of HIV acquisition. Incorporation of the antiretroviral tenofovir (TFV) along with the antiherpetic acyclovir (ACV) into combination intravaginal rings (IVRs) for sustained mucosal delivery of both compounds could lead to increased microbicide product adherence and efficacy compared with conventional vaginal formulations. A novel, dual-protection "pod IVR" platform developed in-house and delivering ACV and TFV was evaluated in rabbit and sheep models. The devices were safe and exhibited sustained release of both drugs independently and at controlled rates over the 28-day studies. Daily release rates were estimated based on residual drug content of the used devices: rabbits, 343 ± 335 μg day(-1) (ACV) and 321 ± 207 μg day(-1) (TFV); sheep, 174 ± 14 μg day(-1) (ACV) and 185 ± 34 μg day(-1) (TFV). Mean drug levels in sheep vaginal samples were as follows: secretions, 5.25 ± 7.31 μg ml(-1) (ACV) and 20.6 ± 16.2 μg ml(-1) (TFV); cervicovaginal lavage fluid, 118 ± 113 ng ml(-1) (ACV) and 191 ± 125 ng ml(-1) (TFV); tissue, 173 ng g(-1) (ACV) and 93 ng g(-1) (TFV). An in vitro-in vivo correlation was established for both drugs and will allow the development of future formulations delivering target levels for prophylaxis and therapy. These data suggest that the IVR based on the pod design has potential in the prevention of transmission of HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.