ArticleJournal of epidemiology2012
Gargling for oral hygiene and the development of fever in childhood: a population study in Japan.
Article in Journal of epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preventive effects of tea and tea catechins against influenza and acute upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Association between handwashing and gargling education for children and prevention of respiratory tract infections: a longitudinal Japanese children population-based study.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Investigation of the Oral Retention of Tea Catechins in Humans: An Exploratory Interventional Study.Nutrients · 2021Article
- The upshot of Polyphenolic compounds on immunity amid COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging communicable diseases: An appraisal.Natural products and bioprospecting · 2020Review
- Traditional Indian practices: Time to revisit and re-adopt for a healthier lifestyle.Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology · 2020Article
- Effect of Tea Catechins on Influenza Infection and the Common Cold with a Focus on Epidemiological/Clinical Studies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Green Tea Catechins: Their Use in Treating and Preventing Infectious Diseases.BioMed research international · 2018Review
- Nasopharyngeal wash in preventing and treating upper respiratory tract infections: Could it prevent COVID-19?Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest SocietyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFever is one of the most common symptoms among children and is usually caused by respiratory infections. Although Japanese health authorities have long recommended gargling to prevent respiratory infections, its effectiveness among children is not clear.
methodsThe children in this observational study were enrolled from 145 nursery schools in Fukuoka City, Japan. Children in the exposure group were instructed to gargle at least once a day. The endpoints of this study were incidence of fever during the daytime and incidence of sickness absence. Differences among gargling agents for each endpoint were also analyzed.
resultsA total of 19,595 children aged 2 to 6 years were observed for 20 days (391,900 person-days). In multivariate logistic regression, the overall odds ratio (OR) for fever onset in the gargling group was significantly lower (OR = 0.68). In age-stratified analysis, ORs were significantly lower at age 2 (OR = 0.67), 4 (OR = 0.46), and 5 (OR = 0.41) years. Regarding sickness absence, the overall OR was 0.92 (not significant) in the gargling group. In age-stratified analysis, ORs were significantly lower at age 4 (OR = 0.68), 5 (OR = 0.59), and 6 (OR = 0.63) years. In subgroup analysis, significantly lower ORs for fever onset were observed for children who gargled with green tea (OR = 0.32), functional water (OR = 0.46), or tap water (OR = 0.70). However, the ORs were not significant for sickness absence.
conclusionsGargling might be effective in preventing febrile diseases in children.
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