ArticleBMC infectious diseases2011
Improved detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in upper and lower respiratory tract specimens from children with suspected pneumocystis pneumonia using real-time PCR: a prospective study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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24 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of the ELITe InGenius PCR assay compared with immunofluorescence for Pneumocystis jirovecii detection in respiratory samples.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
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- Comparing Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing of Nasopharyngeal Swab and Lower Respiratory Tract Specimens for the Diagnosis ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Microbiological characterization ofJournal of clinical microbiology · 2023Article
- The hard part we often forget: providing care to children and adolescents with advanced HIV disease.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Is It Possible to DifferentiateJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Etiology of Pneumonia in HIV-1-infected South African Children in the Era of Antiretroviral Treatment: Findings From the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Article
- Epidemiology of fungal diseases in Africa: A review of diagnostic drivers.Current medical mycology · 2021Article
- Diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: A review of current methods and novel approaches.Medical mycology · 2020Review
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- Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing versus Traditional Pathogen Detection in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Infectious Lesions.Infection and drug resistance · 2020Article
- Molecular Diagnosis ofJournal of clinical microbiology · 2019Article
- Childhood pneumonia in low-and-middle-income countries: An update.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2019Review
- Comparative Evaluation Between the RealStarAnnals of laboratory medicine · 2019Article
- Nested-polymerase chain reaction detection ofSAGE open medical case reports · 2019Article
- Role of Molecular Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases in Children.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2017Review
- Colonization Density of the Upper Respiratory Tract as a Predictor of Pneumonia-Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pneumocystis jirovecii.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
- Utility of adding Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA detection in nasopharyngeal aspirates in immunocompromised adult patients with febrile pneumonia.Medical mycology · 2015Article
- Pneumocystis pneumonia in children - the relevance of chemoprophylaxis in different groups of immunocompromised and immunocompetent paediatric patients.Central-European journal of immunology · 2015Article
- Pneumocystis pneumonia in South African children diagnosed by molecular methods.BMC research notes · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a major cause of hospitalization and mortality in HIV-infected African children. Microbiologic diagnosis relies predominantly on silver or immunofluorescent staining of a lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimens which are difficult to obtain in children. Diagnosis on upper respiratory tract (URT) specimens using PCR has been reported useful in adults, but data in children are limited. The main objectives of the study was (1) to compare the diagnostic yield of PCR with immunofluorescence (IF) and (2) to investigate the usefulness of upper compared to lower respiratory tract samples for diagnosing PCP in children.
methodsChildren hospitalised at an academic hospital with suspected PCP were prospectively enrolled. An upper respiratory sample (nasopharyngeal aspirate, NPA) and a lower respiratory sample (induced sputum, IS or bronchoalveolar lavage, BAL) were submitted for real-time PCR and direct IF for the detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii. A control group of children with viral lower respiratory tract infections were investigated with PCR for PCP.
results202 children (median age 3.3 [inter-quartile range, IQR 2.2 - 4.6] months) were enrolled. The overall detection rate by PCR was higher than by IF [180/349 (52%) vs. 26/349 (7%) respectively; p < 0.0001]. PCR detected more infections compared to IF in lower respiratory tract samples [93/166 (56%) vs. 22/166 (13%); p < 0.0001] and in NPAs [87/183 (48%) vs. 4/183 (2%); p < 0.0001]. Detection rates by PCR on upper (87/183; 48%) compared with lower respiratory tract samples (93/166; 56%) were similar (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.46 - 1.11). Only 2/30 (6.6%) controls were PCR positive.
conclusionReal-time PCR is more sensitive than IF for the detection of P. jirovecii in children with PCP. NPA samples may be used for diagnostic purposes when PCR is utilised. Wider implementation of PCR on NPA samples is warranted for diagnosing PCP in children.
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