Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22121908›Full record

SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2012

Should athletes return to sport after applying ice? A systematic review of the effect of local cooling on functional performance.

Chris M Bleakley, Joseph T Costello, Philip D Glasgow

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05355584 (Acute Effects of Cryotherapy Duration on Muscle Strength, Flexibility, Endurance and Balance in Healthy Individuals), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05355584 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Acute Effects of Cryotherapy Duration on Muscle Strength, Flexibility, Endurance and Balance in Healthy Individuals

TypeinterventionalSponsorBurcu Camcıoğlu YılmazRan2022 to 2022Enrolled75ConditionsCryotherapy EffectArmsCryotherapy application
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Perfusion of the skin's microcirculation after cold-water immersion (10°C) and partial-body cryotherapy (-135°C).Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2019
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  10. Article
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  18. Is cold therapy really efficient after knee arthroplasty?Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2015
    Article
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  20. The effects of cryotherapy on proprioception system.BioMed research international · 2014
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Chris M BleakleyHealth and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Institute, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. chrisbleakley@hotmail.com
Joseph T Costello
Philip D Glasgow
OGT Amenity (Ireland) · IESport Ireland · IEUniversity of Limerick · IE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Applying ice or other forms of topical cooling is a popular method of treating sports injuries. It is commonplace for athletes to return to competitive activity, shortly or immediately after the application of a cold treatment. In this article, we examine the effect of local tissue cooling on outcomes relating to functional performance and to discuss their relevance to the sporting environment. A computerized literature search, citation tracking and hand search was performed up to April, 2011. Eligible studies were trials involving healthy human participants, describing the effects of cooling on outcomes relating to functional performance. Two reviewers independently assessed the validity of included trials and calculated effect sizes. Thirty five trials met the inclusion criteria; all had a high risk of bias. The mean sample size was 19. Meta-analyses were not undertaken due to clinical heterogeneity. The majority of studies used cooling durations > 20 minutes. Strength (peak torque/force) was reported by 25 studies with approximately 75% recording a decrease in strength immediately following cooling. There was evidence from six studies that cooling adversely affected speed, power and agility-based running tasks; two studies found this was negated with a short rewarming period. There was conflicting evidence on the effect of cooling on isolated muscular endurance. A small number of studies found that cooling decreased upper limb dexterity and accuracy. The current evidence base suggests that athletes will probably be at a performance disadvantage if they return to activity immediately after cooling. This is based on cooling for longer than 20 minutes, which may exceed the durations employed in some sporting environments. In addition, some of the reported changes were clinically small and may only be relevant in elite sport. Until better evidence is available, practitioners should use short cooling applications and/or undertake a progressive warm up prior to returning to play.

Indexed as

Athletic PerformanceCryotherapyAthletic InjuriesHumansIceMuscle StrengthIce

Identifiers

PMID22121908
OpenAlexW145182597

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.