Trial reportIntensive care medicine2012
Nebulized 0.5, 2.5 and 5 ml L-epinephrine for post-extubation stridor in children: a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
Trial report in Intensive care medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nebulized epinephrine for croup in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Neonatal Extubation Failure Prevention Trial Using Nebulised Epinephrine (NEPTUNE): A Randomized Controlled Trial.Indian pediatrics · 2026Trial
- All India Difficult Airway Association 2025 guidelines for extubation of the "at-risk" airway.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- [Airway management in neonates and infants : Recommendations according to the ESAIC/BJA guidelines].Die Anaesthesiologie · 2024Article
- Article
- Complications during mechanical ventilation-A pediatric intensive care perspective.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2012: III. Noninvasive ventilation, monitoring and patient-ventilator interactions, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sedation, paediatrics and miscellanea.Intensive care medicine · 2013Review
- [Difficult extubation].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2012Review
- Risk factors for extubation failure in the intensive care unit.Revista Brasileira de terapia intensivaArticle
- Accuracy of stridor-based diagnosis of post-intubation subglottic stenosis in pediatric patients.Jornal de pediatriaArticle
- Evidence for Clinicians: Nebulized epinephrine for croup in children.Paediatrics & child healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeNebulized L-epinephrine has been recommended for the treatment of viral croup. However, the few studies assessing its effect on post-extubation stridor (PES) have shown conflicting results. We compared the efficacy and safety of nebulized L-epinephrine at three different doses for the treatment of PES. PATIENTS AND
methodsWe conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial including all consecutive children with a PES score of ≥4 (Westley score). The primary efficacy outcome was change in PES score at 40 min. A reduction of ≥2 points in stridor score was defined as clinically significant. A total of 96 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three doses of nebulized L-epinephrine upon achieving a PES score of 4 or more following extubation. Stridor score and vital signs were recorded before treatment, and at 20, 40, 60 and 180 min after nebulization.
resultsBaseline characteristics were similar among all study groups. No significant difference was detected among the treatments based on change in Westley score by intent-to-treat analysis. In addition, the difference in the number of patients who clinically improved among the treatment groups was not significant (p = 0.54). Patients receiving 5 ml nebulized epinephrine had a significant increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 40 and 180 min.
conclusionNebulized L-epinephrine at doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 5 ml demonstrated a lack of dose response in effect on PES and a modestly clinically significant increase in undesired side effects (heart rate and blood pressure) at higher doses.
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