ArticleNature methods2011
Optical recording of action potentials in mammalian neurons using a microbial rhodopsin.
Article in Nature methods, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 265 papers.
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Who cites it
265 citing papers in PubMed, 467 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Absolute voltage mapping using dynamic photocycle control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Fluorescence-lifetime optical electrophysiology in contracting cardiomyocytes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Beyond Membrane Potential: Exploiting Signal Complexity in Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicators.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A red-emitting, genetically encoded indicator for two-photon voltage recording in vivo.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Voltage imaging as a window into neural computation.Neurophotonics · 2026Article
- Noise Sources and Strategies for Signal Quality Improvement in Biological Imaging: A Review Focused on Calcium and Cell Membrane Voltage Imaging.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Reinvestigation of Absorption Spectroscopic Thermal Dynamics of Archaerhodopsin 3 Based Voltage Sensor QuasAr1.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Ambient light alleviates retinal neurodegeneration in mice by powering mitochondria via the engineered optoenergetic rhodopsin.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Semirational Protein Engineering Yields Archaerhodopsin-3-Based Fluorescent Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicators with Enhanced Brightness and Red Shifted Absorption Bands.Chem & bio engineering · 2025Article
- Fluorescent sensors for intracellular signaling in the brain: imaging neurons, glia, and vascular cells.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
- Unravelling molecular dynamics in living cells: Fluorescent protein biosensors for cell biology.Journal of microscopy · 2025Review
- An improved FLARE system for recording and manipulating neuronal activity.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Article
- Principles and Design of Molecular Tools for Sensing and Perturbing Cell Surface Receptor Activity.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Engineering of Genetically Encoded Bright Near-Infrared Fluorescent Voltage Indicator.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- An improved FLARE system for recording and manipulating neuronal activity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Photophysics-informed two-photon voltage imaging using FRET-opsin voltage indicators.Science advances · 2025Article
205 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Reliable optical detection of single action potentials in mammalian neurons has been one of the longest-standing challenges in neuroscience. Here we achieved this goal by using the endogenous fluorescence of a microbial rhodopsin protein, Archaerhodopsin 3 (Arch) from Halorubrum sodomense, expressed in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. This genetically encoded voltage indicator exhibited an approximately tenfold improvement in sensitivity and speed over existing protein-based voltage indicators, with a roughly linear twofold increase in brightness between -150 mV and +150 mV and a sub-millisecond response time. Arch detected single electrically triggered action potentials with an optical signal-to-noise ratio >10. Arch(D95N) lacked endogenous proton pumping and had 50% greater sensitivity than wild type but had a slower response (41 ms). Nonetheless, Arch(D95N) also resolved individual action potentials. Microbial rhodopsin-based voltage indicators promise to enable optical interrogation of complex neural circuits and electrophysiology in systems for which electrode-based techniques are challenging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.