ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2012
Distinct Toll-like receptor signals regulate cerebral parasite load and interferon α/β and tumor necrosis factor α-dependent T-cell infiltration in the brains of Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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37 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Mechanisms of parasite-mediated disruption of brain vessels.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- BFJPM ameliorates OVA-induced food allergy in a murine model accompanied by gut microbiota remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Roles of TLR9: Gatekeeper to fungal infections.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Downregulation of IRF7-mediated type-I interferon response by LmCenNPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Cholesterol Efflux Decreases TLR4-Target Gene Expression in Cultured Macrophages Exposed toMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- The Immunological Changes in the Skin of BALC/c Mice with Disseminated Acanthamoebiasis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in the Expression of Neuroimmune Molecules in the Spinal Cord of a Mouse Model of Antiretroviral-Induced Neuropathic Pain.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Live imaging of microglia during sleeping sickness reveals early and heterogeneous inflammatory responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Central nervous system commitment in Chagas disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Neuroimmunology of Common Parasitic Infections in Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Plasma cytokines quantification amongMalawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2021Article
- Article
- Microarray profiling predicts early neurological and immune phenotypic traits in advance of CNS disease during disease progression in Trypanosoma. b. brucei infected CD1 mouse brains.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Role of T cells during the cerebral infection with Trypanosoma brucei.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Thinking outside the blood: Perspectives on tissue-resident Trypanosoma brucei.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- Comparative pathology of mice infected with high and low virulence of IndonesianJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2021Article
- Role of the inhibitor of serine peptidase 2 (ISP2) of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in parasite virulence and modulation of the inflammatory responses of the host.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Catastrophic consequences: can the feline parasite Toxoplasma gondii prompt the purrfect neuroinflammatory storm following traumatic brain injury?Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe penetration of T cells and trypanosomes into the brain parenchyma is a major pathogenetic event in African trypanosomiasis.
methodsThe role of innate immune responses in the penetration of T cells and Trypanosoma brucei brucei into the brain was studied in knockout mice by using double immunofluorescent staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction.
resultsWe demonstrate that Toll-like receptor (TLR)-MyD88-mediated signaling is required for T-cell and parasite penetration into the brain and microglial activation, besides controlling parasitemia and antigen-specific T-cell activation. Among different TLR-deficient mice studied, TLR9 mediated parasitemia control and T-cell penetration into the brain. TLR-MyD88 signals increased levels of interferon (IFN) β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α transcripts in the brains of infected mice and both TNF-α and IFN-α/β, receptors promoted T-cell and trypanosoma infiltration into the brain parenchyma. Both resident and infiltrating inflammatory cells in the brain controlled parasite densities in a TLR2- and TLR9-MyD88-mediated manner. However, neither IFN-α/β nor TNF-α contributed to parasite control in the brain.
conclusionsOur data indicate that innate immune TLR signals stimulate the expression of TNF-α and IFN-α/β that initiate brain invasion of T cells and trypanosomes, and control T. brucei brucei load in the brain by molecules distinct from these.
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