ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2012
Adenosine A2B receptor blockade slows growth of bladder and breast tumors.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04976660 (Phase I/II First-in-Human Study of TT-4 As a Single Agent in Participants with Advanced Selected Solid Tumors), which is not on this map. Cited by 111 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase I/II First-in-Human Study of TT-4 As a Single Agent in Participants with Advanced Selected Solid Tumors
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chiral-Modified Nucleoside Analogues: From Bioactivity to Therapeutic Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Overexpression of adenosine receptor (A1, A2a, A2b, A3) genes in esophageal tumor tissue: A2b adenosine receptor as a potential biomarker and anticancer target.Journal of applied genetics · 2026Article
- The purinergic signaling interfaces in breast cancer angiogenesis.Purinergic signalling · 2026Review
- Metabolic-Immune Coupling in Urologic Cancers: Macrophage Reprogramming as a Therapeutic Nexus.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Anticancer Activity of Triterpene Glycosides Cucumarioside AInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Purinergic pathways and their clinical use in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.Purinergic signalling · 2025Review
- Deciphering adenosine signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma: Pathways, prognostic models, and therapeutic implications.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic potential of adenosine receptor modulators in cancer treatment.RSC advances · 2025Review
- APurinergic signalling · 2025Review
- Enzymatic and microenvironmental regulation in adenosine metabolism-mediated immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Potential of Adora2b as an immunotherapeutic target for gastric cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Nanomaterials-mediated adenosine pathway inhibition for strengthening cancer immunotherapy.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Chromosomal instability as a driver of cancer progression.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
- Adenosine signaling in tumor-associated macrophages and targeting adenosine signaling for cancer therapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2024Review
- Impact of the adenosine receptor A2BR expressed on myeloid cells on immune regulation during pregnancy.European journal of immunology · 2024Article
- Metabolic Reprogramming of Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Current Understanding of the Role of Adenosine Receptors in Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The inhibitory effect of adenosine on tumor adaptive immunity and intervention strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Adenosine receptors in breast cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- The different effects of four adenosine receptors in liver fibrosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The accumulation of high levels of adenosine in tumors activates A(2A) and A(2B) receptors on immune cells and inhibits their ability to suppress tumor growth. Deletion of adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)ARs) has been reported to activate antitumor T cells, stimulate dendritic cell (DC) function, and inhibit angiogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of intermittent intratumor injection of a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, aminophylline (AMO; theophylline ethylenediamine) and, for the first time to our knowledge, a selective A(2B)AR antagonist, ATL801. AMO and ATL801 slowed the growth of MB49 bladder and 4T1 breast tumors in syngeneic mice and reduced by 85% metastasizes of breast cancer cells from mammary fat to lung. Based on experiments with A(2A)AR(-/-) or adenosine A(2B) receptor(-/-) mice, the effect of AMO injection was unexpectedly attributed to A(2B)AR and not to A(2A)AR blockade. AMO and ATL801 significantly increased tumor levels of IFN-γ and the IFN-inducible chemokine CXCL10, which is a ligand for CXCR3. This was associated with an increase in activated tumor-infiltrating CXCR3(+) T cells and a decrease in endothelial cell precursors within tumors. Tumor growth inhibition by AMO or ATL801 was eliminated in CXCR3(-/-) mice and RAG1(-/-) mice that lack mature T cells. In RAG1(-/-) mice, A(2B)AR deletion enhanced CD86 expression on CD11b(-) DCs. Bone marrow chimera experiments demonstrated that CXCR3 and A(2B)AR expression on bone marrow cells is required for the antitumor effects of AMO. The data suggest that blockade of A(2B)ARs enhances DC activation and CXCR3-dependent antitumor responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.