ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology2012
Increased fat deposition in injured skeletal muscle is regulated by sex-specific hormones.
Article in American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Loss of ovarian hormones modulates sex-specific metabolic adaptations to volumetric muscle loss.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
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- Efficacy of neonatal mouse muscle extracellular vesicles in skeletal muscle repair and regeneration.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2026Article
- The role of muscle fascia in heterotopic ossification and maintenance of skeletal muscle integrity in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Intramuscular adipose tissue: from progenitor to pathology.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of biological sex on endstage pathobiology and regenerative treatment of volumetric muscle loss.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sexual dimorphisms in skeletal muscle: current concepts and research horizons.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Review
- Studying intramuscular fat deposition and muscle regeneration: insights from a comparative analysis of mouse strains, injury models, and sex differences.Skeletal muscle · 2024Article
- Sex differences in skeletal muscle size, function, and myosin heavy chain isoform expression during post-injury regeneration in mice.Physiological reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Cardiotoxin-Induced Muscle Injury Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Sex-Based Differences in the Myogenic Response and Inflammatory Gene Expression Following Eccentric Contractions in Humans.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Estrogen modulates the skeletal muscle regeneration process and myotube morphogenesis: morphological analysis in mice with a low estrogen status.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
- Hindlimb suspension in Wistar rats: Sex-based differences in muscle response.Physiological reports · 2021Article
- Sex differences in skeletal muscle revealed through fiber type, capillarity, and transcriptomics profiling in mice.Physiological reports · 2021Article
- Absence of estrogen receptors delays myoregeneration and leads to intermuscular adipogenesis in a low estrogen status: Morphological comparisons in estrogen receptor alpha and beta knock out mice.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
- Muscle metabolism and atrophy: let's talk about sex.Biology of sex differences · 2019Review
- A moderate oestradiol level enhances neutrophil number and activity in muscle after traumatic injury but strength recovery is accelerated.The Journal of physiology · 2018Article
- Absence of CCR2 results in an inflammaging environment in young mice with age-independent impairments in muscle regeneration.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2016Article
- Increased Adipocyte Area in Injured Muscle With Aging and Impaired Remodeling in Female Mice.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sex differences in skeletal muscle regeneration are controversial; comparisons of regenerative events between sexes have not been rigorously defined in severe injury models. We comprehensively quantified inflammation and muscle regeneration between sexes and manipulated sex-specific hormones to determine effects on regeneration. Cardiotoxin injury was induced in intact, castrated and ovariectomized female and male mice; ovariectomized mice were replaced with low- or high-dose 17-β estradiol (E(2)) or progesterone (P4). Extent of injury was comparable between intact mice, but females were more efficient in removal of necrotic debris, despite similar tissue levels of inflammatory cells and chemokines. Myofiber size during regeneration was equivalent between intact mice and after castration or ovariectomy (OVX) but was decreased (P < 0.001) in ovariectomized mice with high-dose E(2) replacement. Intermuscular adipocytes were absent in uninjured muscle, whereas adipocyte area was increased among regenerated myofibers in all groups. Interestingly, intermuscular fat was greater (P = 0.03) in intact females at day 14 compared with intact males. Furthermore, castration increased (P = 0.01) and OVX decreased adipocyte accumulation. After OVX, E(2), but not P4, replacement decreased (P ≤ 0.03) fat accumulation. In conclusion, sex-dependent differences in regeneration consisted of more efficient removal of necrosis and increased fat deposition in females with similar injury, inflammation, and regenerated myofiber size; high-dose E(2) decreased myofiber size and fat deposition. Adipocyte accumulation in regenerating muscle was influenced by sex-specific hormones. Recovery following muscle injury was different between males and females, and sex-specific hormones contributed to these differences, suggesting that sex-specific treatments could be beneficial after injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.