ArticleNature reviews. Immunology2011
The emerging role of CTLA4 as a cell-extrinsic regulator of T cell responses.
Article in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 430 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
430 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Tumour Mutation Burden on Survival Outcomes in Solid Tumours.Cancer medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The Cardiotoxicity Risk of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Compared with Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors related respiratory disorders in patients with lung cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Engineered CTLA-4 targeting chimeras for targeted protein degradation and immune synapse reprogramming.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment Network to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- microRNAs as Regulators of the Immune Response and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Cancer.Non-coding RNA · 2026Review
- Pathogenic type-2 immunity beyond allergy: the role of Th2 cell heterogeneity in helminth infections.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Targeting Immune Checkpoint Proteins in Cancer Therapy and the Potential of RNAi-Based Immunotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- CTLA-4: a promising immunosuppressive immune checkpoint in prostate cancer therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Tumor-adapted regulatory T cells: Molecular reprogramming, immune suppression, and therapeutic targeting in cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Spatiotemporal Transcriptomics Characterizes Immune Microenvironment During Mouse Liver Aging.Aging cell · 2026Article
- First-in-human study of intravenous bispecific CTLA-4 × OX40 antibody (ATOR-1015) in advanced solid malignancies.ESMO open · 2026Article
- Gallic acid chemoprevention of oral carcinogenesis is associated with HSD11β2 upregulation and immune remodeling.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Arming oncolytic herpes simplex virus with CXCL-11, IL-12 and a single-chain antibody against PD-1 to enhance CAR-T cell therapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint molecules beyond PD-1 and CTLA-4: emerging targets in autoimmune diseases and cancer immunotherapy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Evaluating the efficacy and immunological impact of combined ICIs and SBRT in HCC: A narrative literature review.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Review
- Immunogenomic signatures defining the molecular subtypes of head and neck cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
370 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The T cell protein cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) was identified as a crucial negative regulator of the immune system over 15 years ago, but its mechanisms of action are still under debate. It has long been suggested that CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to the cells that express it. However, not all the available data fit with a cell-intrinsic function for CTLA4, and other studies have suggested that CTLA4 functions in a T cell-extrinsic manner. Here, we discuss the data for and against the T cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic functions of CTLA4.
Indexed as
Identifiers
22116087What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.