ReviewDrug and alcohol dependence2012
Functional relevance of μ-δ opioid receptor heteromerization: a role in novel signaling and implications for the treatment of addiction disorders: from a symposium on new concepts in mu-opioid pharmacology.
Review in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Narrative review of the scientific and methodological explanations for 101 mechanisms of opioid tolerance.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Cognitive Impairment in Opium Use Disorder.Behavioural neurology · 2021Article
- The Balance of MU-Opioid, Dopamine D2 and Adenosine A2A Heteroreceptor Complexes in the Ventral Striatal-Pallidal GABA Antireward Neurons May Have a Significant Role in Morphine and Cocaine Use Disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- In vitro and in vivo characterization of the bifunctional μ and δ opioid receptor ligand UFP-505.British journal of pharmacology · 2018Article
- Morphine Regulated Synaptic Networks Revealed by Integrated Proteomics and Network Analysis.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2015Article
- Heteromers of μ-δ opioid receptors: new pharmacology and novel therapeutic possibilities.British journal of pharmacology · 2015Review
- Positive allosteric modulators of the μ-opioid receptor: a novel approach for future pain medications.British journal of pharmacology · 2015Review
- Opioid receptor trafficking and interaction in nociceptors.British journal of pharmacology · 2015Review
- In vivo opioid receptor heteromerization: where do we stand?British journal of pharmacology · 2015Review
- Burden and nutritional deficiencies in opiate addiction- systematic review article.Iranian journal of public health · 2014Review
- Pharmacogenetics of OPRM1.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2014Review
- The G protein-coupled receptor heterodimer network (GPCR-HetNet) and its hub components.International journal of molecular sciences · 2014Article
- Molecular Perspectives for mu/delta Opioid Receptor Heteromers as Distinct, Functional Receptors.Cells · 2014Article
- Fluorescent knock-in mice to decipher the physiopathological role of G protein-coupled receptors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2014Review
- 15 years of genetic approaches in vivo for addiction research: Opioid receptor and peptide gene knockout in mouse models of drug abuse.Neuropharmacology · 2014Review
- Opioid receptors: toward separation of analgesic from undesirable effects.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2013Review
- Regulation of μ-opioid receptors: desensitization, phosphorylation, internalization, and tolerance.Pharmacological reviews · 2013Review
- Interaction and regulatory functions of μ- and δ-opioid receptors in nociceptive afferent neurons.Neuroscience bulletin · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Morphine and other opiates are among the most widely prescribed and clinically useful medications for the treatment of chronic pain. However, the applicability of these compounds has been severely hampered by the rapid development of tolerance and physical dependence that typically accompanies their repeated use. A growing body of evidence has implicated the regulated functioning of μ-δ opioid receptor heteromers in both the modulation of morphine-mediated antinociception, and in the limitation of undesirable side effects resulting from chronic opiate exposure. Moreover, μ-δ heteromers exhibit unique ligand binding characteristics and signaling properties, indicating that pharmacological targeting of the μ-δ heteromer may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the management of chronic pain and addiction disorders. Therefore, the present review will attempt to summarize the latest relevant findings regarding the regulation and functional characteristics of the μ-δ heteromer both in vitro and in vivo.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.