Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22114341›Full record

ArticleJournal of virology2012

Origin and evolution of the unique hepatitis C virus circulating recombinant form 2k/1b.

Jayna Raghwani, Xiomara V Thomas, Sylvie M Koekkoek, Janke Schinkel, Richard Molenkamp, Thijs J van de Laar, Yutaka Takebe, Yasuhito Tanaka, Masashi Mizokami, Andrew Rambaut and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. DAA Treatment Failure in a HIV/HBV/HCV Co-Infected Patient Carrying a Chimeric HCV Genotype 4/1b.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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  11. Superinfection and cure of infected cells as mechanisms for hepatitis C virus adaptation and persistence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018
    Article
  12. Article
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  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. High incidence of the hepatitis C virus recombinant 2k/1b in Georgia: Recommendations for testing and treatment.Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology · 2015
    Article
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jayna RaghwaniInstitute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. jna.raghwani@gmail.com
Xiomara V Thomas
Sylvie M Koekkoek
Janke Schinkel
Richard Molenkamp
Thijs J van de Laar
Yutaka Takebe
Yasuhito Tanaka
Masashi Mizokami
Andrew Rambaut
Oliver G Pybus

Funding

Wellcome Trust 095831
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since its initial identification in St. Petersburg, Russia, the recombinant hepatitis C virus (HCV) 2k/1b has been isolated from several countries throughout Eurasia. The 2k/1b strain is the only recombinant HCV to have spread widely, raising questions about the epidemiological background in which it first appeared. In order to further understand the circumstances by which HCV recombinants might be formed and spread, we estimated the date of the recombination event that generated the 2k/1b strain using a Bayesian phylogenetic approach. Our study incorporates newly isolated 2k/1b strains from Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and has employed a hierarchical Bayesian framework to combine information from different genomic regions. We estimate that 2k/1b originated sometime between 1923 and 1956, substantially before the first detection of the strain in 1999. The timescale and the geographic spread of 2k/1b suggest that it originated in the former Soviet Union at about the time that the world's first centralized national blood transfusion and storage service was being established. We also reconstructed the epidemic history of 2k/1b using coalescent theory-based methods, matching patterns previously reported for other epidemic HCV subtypes. This study demonstrates the practicality of jointly estimating dates of recombination from flanking regions of the breakpoint and further illustrates that rare genetic-exchange events can be particularly informative about the underlying epidemiological processes.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularRecombination, GeneticAdultFemaleGenotypeHepacivirusHepatitis CHumansMaleMiddle AgedMolecular Sequence DataNetherlandsPhylogenyRussiaYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID22114341
PMCPMC3302385

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.