ArticleAnnals of intensive care2011
Combination antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia.
Article in Annals of intensive care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neonatal Bloodstream Infections: A Narrative Review on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges and Prospects in Developing Countries.Health science reports · 2026Article
- In Vitro antibiotic combinations of Colistin, Meropenem, Amikacin, and Amoxicillin/clavulanate against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- Appropriateness of antimicrobial selection for treatment of pneumonia in selected public hospitals of Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.SAGE open medicine · 2023Article
- The Potential of Antibiotics and Nanomaterial Combinations as Therapeutic Strategies in the Management of Multidrug-Resistant Infections: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Comparison of prognostic factors between bacteraemic and non-bacteraemic critically ill immunocompetent patients in community-acquired severe pneumococcal pneumonia: a STREPTOGENE sub-study.Annals of intensive care · 2021Article
- Exploring metabolic adaptation of Streptococcus pneumoniae to antibiotics.The Journal of antibiotics · 2020Article
- C-Reactive Protein-Based Strategy to Reduce Antibiotic Dosing for the Treatment of Pneumococcal Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Recovery rates of combination antibiotic therapy usingJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2018Article
- Mechanisms of action andPeerJ · 2017Article
- Efficacy of β-Lactam-plus-Macrolide Combination Therapy in a Mouse Model of Lethal Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
- In Vitro Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) Study of Cefixime and Azithromycin Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) Against Respiratory Clinical Isolates.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2015Article
- Burden of antibiotic resistance in common infectious diseases: role of antibiotic combination therapy.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2014Review
- Recent advances in our understanding of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.F1000prime reports · 2014Review
- Initial use of one or two antibiotics for critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia: impact on survival and bacterial resistance.Critical care (London, England) · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common and potentially serious illness that is associated with morbidity and mortality. Although medical care has improved during the past decades, it is still potentially lethal. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent microorganism isolated. Treatment includes mandatory antibiotic therapy and organ support as needed. There are several antibiotic therapy regimens that include β-lactams or macrolides or fluoroquinolones alone or in combination. Combination antibiotic therapy achieves a better outcome compared with monotherapy and it should be given in the following subset of patients with CAP: outpatients with comorbidities and previous antibiotic therapy, nursing home patients with CAP, hospitalized patients with severe CAP, bacteremic pneumococcal CAP, presence of shock, and necessity of mechanical ventilation. Better outcome is associated with combination therapy that includes a macrolide for wide coverage of atypical pneumonia, polymicrobial pneumonia, or resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Macrolides have shown different properties other than antimicrobial activity, such as anti-inflammatory properties. Although this evidence comes from observational, most of them retrospective and nonblinded studies, the findings are consistent. Ideally, a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial should be performed to confirm these findings.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.