ArticleViral immunology2011
Recombinant human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 Tax proteins induce high levels of CC-chemokines and downregulate CCR5 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Article in Viral immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human T cell leukaemia virus type 2 tax protein mediates CC-chemokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells via the nuclear factor kappa B canonical pathway.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2014Trial
- Sustained inflammation during human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection: a wildfire contributing to disease progression.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- HTLV-2 Enhances CD8Viruses · 2022Article
- Article
- CCR5Δ32 in Brazil: Impacts of a European Genetic Variant on a Highly Admixed Population.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Is the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 in the process of endogenization into the human genome?Journal of virus eradication · 2020Article
- The Role of Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of HTLV-1.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection of the Three Monocyte Subsets Contributes to Viral Burden in Humans.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- HTLV-1/-2 and HIV-1 co-infections: retroviral interference on host immune status.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Review
- Highlights on distinctive structural and functional properties of HTLV Tax proteins.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Review
- Inhibition of HIV type 1 replication by human T lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 Tax proteins in vitro.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Article
- Induction of CC-chemokines with antiviral function in macrophages by the human T lymphotropic virus type 2 transactivating protein, Tax2.Viral immunology · 2013Article
- Constitutive release of IFNγ and IL2 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) infected with simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1.Comparative medicine · 2013Article
- Immunological profile of HTLV-1-infected patients associated with infectious or autoimmune dermatological disorders.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Article
- Comparative host protein interactions with HTLV-1 p30 and HTLV-2 p28: insights into difference in pathobiology of human retroviruses.Retrovirology · 2012Article
- Retroviral coinfections: HIV and HTLV: taking stock of more than a quarter century of research.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2012Review
- Conference highlights of the 15th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and related retroviruses, 4-8 June 2011, Leuven, Gembloux, Belgium.Retrovirology · 2011Article
- The Effect ofAvicenna journal of medical biotechnologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia viruses types 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) produce key transcriptional regulatory gene products, known as Tax1 and Tax2, respectively. Tax1 and Tax2 transactivate multiple host genes involved in cellular immune responses within the cellular microenvironment, including induction of genes encoding expression of CC-chemokines. It is speculated that HTLV Tax proteins may act as immune modulators. In this study, recombinant Tax1 and Tax2 proteins were tested for their effects on the viability of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and their ability to induce expression of CC-chemokines and to downregulate the level of CCR5 expression in PBMCs. PBMCs obtained from uninfected donors were cultured in a range of Tax1 and Tax2 concentrations (10-100 pM), and supernatant fluids were harvested at multiple time points for quantitative determinations of MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, and RANTES/CCL5. Treatment of PBMCs with Tax1 and Tax2 proteins (100 pM) resulted in a significant increase in viability over a 7-d period compared to controls (p<0.01). Both Tax1 and Tax2 induced high levels of all three CC-chemokines over the dosing range compared to mock-treated controls (p<0.05). The gated population of lymphocytes treated with Tax2, as well as lymphocytes from HTLV-2-infected donors, showed a significantly lower percentage of CCR5-positive cells compared to those of uninfected donors and from mock-treated lymphocytes, respectively (p<0.05). These results suggest that Tax1 and Tax2 could promote innate immunity in the extracellular environment during HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections via CC-chemokine ligands and receptors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.