ArticlePloS one2011
Tobacco smoke augments Porphyromonas gingivalis-Streptococcus gordonii biofilm formation.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of a conserved GNAT-family lysine acetyltransferase inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Salivary microbial profiles across periodontal severity stage according to the 2018 AAP/EFP classifications: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Anti-FimA monoclonal antibodies reveal dual roles in porphyromonas gingivalis pathogenesis.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Natural and synthetic chemicals acting as enhancers of bacterial pathogenic success within the human host.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Endpoints of Periodontal Therapy in Elderly Patients With Stage III/IV Periodontitis and Their Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Following 10 Years of Supportive Periodontal Therapy.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Article
- Smoking Impacts Alzheimer's Disease Progression Through Oral Microbiota Modulation.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Identification of cannabinoid-sensitive and -resistant oral bacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Tobacco-enhanced biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis and other oral microbes.Molecular oral microbiology · 2024Review
- Delineation of global, absolutely essential and conditionally essential pangenomes of Porphyromonas gingivalis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Anti-Biofilm Properties of Phloretin and Its Analogs againstFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Smokeless Tobacco Harbors Bacteria Involved in Biofilm Formation as Well as Salt and Heavy Metal Tolerance Activity.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Effect of different forms of tobacco on the oral microbiome in healthy adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Review
- Influence of Smoking on Periodontal and Implant Therapy: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Tobacco smoke exacerbates Filifactor alocis pathogenicity.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2023Article
- A Tale of Two Fimbriae: How Invasion of Dendritic Cells byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The oral microbiome in relation to pancreatic cancer risk in African Americans.British journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Microorganisms: crucial players of smokeless tobacco for several health attributes.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Polymicrobial communities in periodontal disease: Their quasi-organismal nature and dialogue with the host.Periodontology 2000 · 2021Review
- The impact of smoking different tobacco types on the subgingival microbiome and periodontal health: a pilot study.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The Impact of Smoking on Subgingival Plaque and the Development of Periodontitis: A Literature Review.Frontiers in oral health · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Smoking is responsible for the majority of periodontitis cases in the US and smokers are more susceptible than non-smokers to infection by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. P. gingivalis colonization of the oral cavity is dependent upon its interaction with other plaque bacteria, including Streptococcus gordonii. Microarray analysis suggested that exposure of P. gingivalis to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increased the expression of the major fimbrial antigen (FimA), but not the minor fimbrial antigen (Mfa1). Therefore, we hypothesized that CSE promotes P. gingivalis-S. gordonii biofilm formation in a FimA-dependent manner. FimA total protein and cell surface expression were increased upon exposure to CSE whereas Mfa1 was unaffected. CSE exposure did not induce P. gingivalis auto-aggregation but did promote dual species biofilm formation, monitored by microcolony numbers and depth (both, p<0.05). Interestingly, P. gingivalis biofilms grown in the presence of CSE exhibited a lower pro-inflammatory capacity (TNF-α, IL-6) than control biofilms (both, p<0.01). CSE-exposed P. gingivalis bound more strongly to immobilized rGAPDH, the cognate FimA ligand on S. gordonii, than control biofilms (p<0.001) and did so in a dose-dependent manner. Nevertheless, a peptide representing the Mfa1 binding site on S. gordonii, SspB, completely inhibited dual species biofilm formation. Thus, CSE likely augments P. gingivalis biofilm formation by increasing FimA avidity which, in turn, supports initial interspecies interactions and promotes subsequent high affinity Mfa1-SspB interactions driving biofilm growth. CSE induction of P. gingivalis biofilms of limited pro-inflammatory potential may explain the increased persistence of this pathogen in smokers. These findings may also be relevant to other biofilm-induced infectious diseases and conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.