Trial reportThe Journal of experimental medicine2011
A genomic storm in critically injured humans.
Trial report in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 596 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Inflammation and the Host Response to Injury
Inflammation and the Host Response to Injury
Inflammatory Response to Trauma - Does Early Cytokine Modulation Improve Patient Outcome
A Multi-centre, Prospective Study to Examine the Relationship Between Neutrophil Function and Sepsis in Adults and Children With Severe Thermal Injuries
Who cites it
596 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neutrophil cell surface receptor dynamics following trauma: a systematic review.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled prevalence of lymphopenia in all-cause hospitalisations and association with infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative systemic inflammation and recovery in patients undergoing digest tract cancer surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Persistent immune, coagulation and cardiac dysregulation are correlated with later post-discharge mortality in children with severe malnutrition.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Dexamethasone vs. placebo modulation of the perioperative blood immune proteome in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Infusion of young donor plasma components in older patients modifies the immune and inflammatory response to surgical tissue injury: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- Safety and efficacy of artesunate treatment in severely injured patients with traumatic hemorrhage. The TOP-ART randomized clinical trial.Intensive care medicine · 2023Trial
- Analysis of the Plasma Metabolome after Trauma, Novel Circulating Sphingolipid Signatures, and In-Hospital Outcomes.Journal of the American College of Surgeons · 2021Trial
- Modeling Hemorrhagic Shock in Male SD Rats by Fixed Volume Blood Withdrawal Followed by Partial Resuscitation and Long-Term Outcome Assessment.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hallmarks of the multidimensional immune response to trauma in humans.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Wound Healing Potential of Selenium and Nanoselenium.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Functional immune changes are conserved in COVID-19 and trauma patients receiving intensive care.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Natural Killer Cells Dominate the Hyperacute Lymphocyte Response to Major Trauma and Are Associated with Organ Dysfunction.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Isolation, characterization, and antibacterial activity of a novel Pasteurella multocida bacteriophage.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Article
- Immunology of pregnancy and sepsis: shared and specific pathways guiding future precision care.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hemorrhagic Shock: Biological Rationale for Individualized Fluid Resuscitation Strategies and Multimodal Monitoring.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Inflammatory Stewardship-A Perspective for Active Management of Acute Inflammation.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Article
- lncRNA-mRNA Co-expression Network Unveils Neutrophil Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Sepsis.Inflammation · 2026Article
536 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
41 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human survival from injury requires an appropriate inflammatory and immune response. We describe the circulating leukocyte transcriptome after severe trauma and burn injury, as well as in healthy subjects receiving low-dose bacterial endotoxin, and show that these severe stresses produce a global reprioritization affecting >80% of the cellular functions and pathways, a truly unexpected "genomic storm." In severe blunt trauma, the early leukocyte genomic response is consistent with simultaneously increased expression of genes involved in the systemic inflammatory, innate immune, and compensatory antiinflammatory responses, as well as in the suppression of genes involved in adaptive immunity. Furthermore, complications like nosocomial infections and organ failure are not associated with any genomic evidence of a second hit and differ only in the magnitude and duration of this genomic reprioritization. The similarities in gene expression patterns between different injuries reveal an apparently fundamental human response to severe inflammatory stress, with genomic signatures that are surprisingly far more common than different. Based on these transcriptional data, we propose a new paradigm for the human immunological response to severe injury.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.