ArticleSexually transmitted infections2011
The future role of rectal and vaginal microbicides to prevent HIV infection in heterosexual populations: implications for product development and prevention.
Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increases in HIV Incidence Following Receptive Anal Intercourse Among Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- How common and frequent is heterosexual anal intercourse among South Africans? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Pooled it
- The Association Between Heterosexual anal Intercourse and HIV Acquisition in Three Prospective Cohorts of Women.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Receptive anal sex contributes substantially to heterosexually acquired HIV infections among at-risk women in twenty US cities: Results from a modelling analysis.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2020Article
- Anal Intercourse Among Female Sex Workers in Côte d'Ivoire: Prevalence, Determinants, and Model-Based Estimates of the Population-Level Impact on HIV Transmission.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Quick-Dissolving Polymeric Vaginal Films Delivering the Antiretroviral IQP-0528 for Preexposure Prophylaxis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
- Article
- What can mathematical models tell us about the relationship between circular migrations and HIV transmission dynamics?Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE · 2014Article
- Modeling the impact of post-diagnosis behavior change on HIV prevalence in Southern California men who have sex with men (MSM).AIDS and behavior · 2014Article
- Sexual violence and HIV transmission: summary proceedings of a scientific research planning meeting.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2013Article
- Heterosexual anal intercourse: a neglected risk factor for HIV?American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2013Review
- Beating the placebo in HIV prevention efficacy trials: the role of the minimal efficacy bound.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Article
- Review
- Population-level benefits from providing effective HIV prevention means to pregnant women in high prevalence settings.PloS one · 2013Article
- Greentree white paper: sexual violence, genitoanal injury, and HIV: priorities for research, policy, and practice.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2012Article
- Reformulated tenofovir gel for use as a dual compartment microbicide.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2012Article
- Impact of Pill Sharing on Drug Resistance Due to a Wide-Scale Oral Prep Intervention in Generalized Epidemics.Journal of AIDS & clinical research · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo compare the potential impact of rectal (RMB), vaginal (VMB) and bi-compartment (RVMB) (applied vaginally and protective during vaginal and anal intercourse) microbicides to prevent HIV in various heterosexual populations. To understand when a RMB is as useful than a VMB for women practicing anal intercourse (AI).
methodsMathematical model was used to assess the population-level impact (cumulative fraction of new HIV infections prevented (CFP)) of the three different microbicides in various intervention scenarios and prevalence settings. We derived the break-even RMB efficacy required to reduce a female's cumulative risk of HIV infection by the same amount than a VMB.
resultsUnder optimistic coverage (fast roll-out, 100% uptake), a 50% efficacious VMB used in 75% of sex acts in population without AI may prevent ∼33% (27, 42%) new total (men and women combined) HIV infections over 25 years. The 25-year CFP reduces to ∼25% (20, 32%) and 17% (13, 23%) if uptake decreases to 75% and 50%, respectively. Similar loss of impact (by 25%-50%) is observed if the same VMB is introduced in populations with 5%-10% AI and for RR(RAI)=4-20. A RMB is as useful as a VMB (ie, break-even) in populations with 5% AI if RR(RAI)=20 and in populations with 15%-20% AI if RR(RAI)=4, independently of adherence as long as it is the same with both products. The 10-year CFP with a RVMB is twofold larger than for a VMB or RMB when AI=10% and RR(RAI)=10.
conclusionsEven low AI frequency can compromise the impact of VMB interventions. RMB and RVMB will be important prevention tools for heterosexual populations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.